Early American Colonies
What was the primary economic motivation for the French colonization of North America?
Fur Trading
Which early civilizations historically practiced forms of slavery?
Egypt, Greece, Rome, and China
What was the 'Middle Passage' characterized by?
Overcrowded ships with high death rates
What was the Columbian Exchange?
A global transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases
What characterized an entrepreneur during the Commercial Revolution?
People who organized and managed business risks
Which colony was specifically established as a commercial venture seeking economic profit?
Jamestown
What motivated early slave trades in ancient societies?
Debt, crime punishment, and war prisoners
Which European nation initiated early explorations of African coastal regions?
Portugal
What major transportation and hunting improvement occurred in North America due to the Columbian Exchange?
Arrival of horses and donkeys
What caused the Commercial Revolution?
The Columbian Exchange
In which geographic regions did French colonies primarily concentrate?
Canada and Great Lakes region
How did African rulers typically participate in the slave trade?
Actively supplying captives
What was a significant form of resistance by enslaved Africans during transportation?
Revolts and potential suicide
What was a significant demographic consequence of the Columbian Exchange?
Decline of Indigenous populations due to disease
What economic system emerged during the Commercial Revolution?
Free enterprise system
What major challenges did the Jamestown colony initially face?
Severe food shortages and widespread disease
What items were commonly exchanged for enslaved Africans?
Guns, textiles, and iron
Which African kingdom became powerful through strategic trade and military expansion?
Asante Kingdom
Which of these was NOT an Old World crop introduced to the Americas?
Corn
What was the Commercial Revolution?
Period of economic transformation in Europe marked by the growth of modern capitalism, banking, and investing.
What unique characteristic distinguished French colonial settlements from other European colonies?
Cooperative relationships with Native American tribes
How did the volume of the African slave trade change between 1500 and 1780?
Increased from 2,000 to 80,000 per year
How did African heritage persist in the Americas?
Via culture, language, music, and traditions
What are examples of language exchange manifested during the Columbian Exchange?
Words like 'pajama' and 'hammock' were adopted
What are the key characteristics of the Commercial Revolution?
Growth of modern capitalism
Rise of free enterprise system
Entrepreneurs taking business risks