Before Europeans rounded the Cape of Good Hope, seaborne trade from Europe to the East primarily flowed through the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and this body of water.
What is the Indian Ocean?
100
When Columbus first landed in the Americas, he thought he was in this region. (Do not answer a continent.)
What is India?
100
This phrase, coined by Alfred Crosby, describes the 16th century trans-Atlantic interchange of animals, plants, and disease.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
100
This 16th and 17th century English playwright wrote numerous famous plays such as "The Tragedy of Macbeth".
Who is William Shakespeare?
100
An explorer from this European country first explored the St. Lawrence River region.
What is France?
200
This was Europe's primary source of gold in the 15th century.
What is Sub-Saharan Africa? (or What is Mali?)
200
The Portuguese developed this ship in the 15th century to more easily maneuver the seas near the West African Coast.
What is the caravel?
200
The Atlantic slave trade reached its peak in this century.
What is the 18th century?
200
This was the English translation of the Bible published in 1611.
What is the King James Bible?
200
In the first half of the 17th century, this company expelled the Portuguese from many of their East Indian holdings.
What is the Dutch East India Company?
300
The outcome of this 15th century battle closed many European trade routes through the Black Sea.
What is the Fall of Constantinople?
300
This Portuguese explorer first reached India in 1498.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
300
The discovery of huge quantities of this in the New World was one very important factor that caused Spanish inflation in the 16th and 17th centuries.
What is silver?
300
In the early to mid 15th century, virtually all slaves in Europe were of this skin color.
What is white?
300
This company first established a European colony in South Africa.
What is the Dutch East India Company?
400
In the early 15th century, the Genoese dominated trade in the Western Mediterranean Sea and this sea.
What is the Black Sea?
400
This conquistador conquered the Inca Empire in the 1530s.
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
400
This colony produced most of the sugar consumed in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries.
What is Brazil?
400
The Spanish used groups of Amerindians for labor in the New World under this system.
What is the encomienda system?
400
This company first colonized Manhattan Island, which would later become New York City after its seizure by the British.
What is the Dutch West India Company?
500
In the 15th century, the island of Crete was used by this independent country as a trade outpost in the prosperous Mediterranean trade. (Answer with the full name of the country.)
What is the Republic of Venice?
500
This treaty, signed in 1494, divided the non-European world between Spain and Portugal.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
500
This European country dominated seaborne trade in the second half of the 17th century. (Answer with the official name of the country, not merely its colloquial name.)
What is the Republic of the United Netherlands? or: What is the Republic of the Seven United Provinces? (Do NOT accept "what are the Dutch".)
500
This man popularized the essay as a new means of clarifying his own thoughts in the 16th century.
Who is Michel de Montaigne?
500
Along with Britain, France, Portugal, and the Netherlands, this European country colonized parts of India in the 17th and 18th centuries.