Tools
Why did people in the 1400-1600s stay close to where they lived?
Travel was dangerous
What are the 3 Gs?
God, Glory, Gold
Did Columbus land in what is now the United States?
No
In what ways do we see the lasting effects of exploration? Name 3.
Language, food, religion, culture, population
Were Indigenous people living in the Americas before Europeans arrived?
Yes
This tool helped explorers sail in harsh waters.
Caravel
Why would spreading religion (God) help a European country gain more power?
It gave them a reason to control land and people and showed loyalty to their king and the Church.
Was Columbus the only explorer? If no, name one other explorer or one other country that was exploring other than Spain.
Ferdinand Magellan, Hernan Cortes, Francisco Pizarro, England, Portugal, France
Why does Brazil speak Portuguese?
Portugal colonized Brazil
Name one way Indigenous people survived before Europeans arrived.
Farming, hunting, fishing, trade, building communities
This tool helped explorers know which direction they were going.
compass
How did gold make European countries stronger?
Gold increased wealth, which helped pay for armies, ships, and more exploration.
Do YOU think Columbus should be celebrated? Why or why not?
Explain.
Why is Christianity the most practiced religion in the Western Hemisphere today?
Because European colonizers spread their religion during colonization.
What was one major cause of death for Indigenous people after Europeans arrived?
Disease (like smallpox)
This tool used the sun and sky to guide explorers.
astrolabe
Why did European kings and queens agree to pay for dangerous voyages across the ocean?
They hoped explorers would find gold, new trade routes, and land that would make their country richer and more powerful than other nations.
Why did Columbus believe he had reached Asia even though he had not?
Maps were not accurate, he didn't know there was another continent
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The dominant language and religion often match the colonizing country (Spanish/Catholic = Spain, Portuguese/Catholic = Portugal, English/Protestant = England).
In what ways did Indigenous peoples show strength and resilience after European colonization?
They survived disease and conflict, preserved traditions, adapted to change, and continue to maintain cultures and communities today.
How did new navigation tools and ship designs change Europe’s ability to explore and control other lands?
They made long-distance ocean travel more accurate and reliable, which allowed European countries to reach the Americas, claim land, and build colonies.
Why were European countries competing to explore new lands?
They wanted wealth, power, land, and stronger trade routes than other countries.
How did Columbus’s voyages lead to major changes for Indigenous peoples?
His voyages began European colonization, which brought disease, forced labor, land loss, and cultural destruction.
Why do the effects of colonization still matter today?
They shaped borders, languages, religions, cultures, and inequalities that still exist in the Americas.
How did European colonization permanently change life for Indigenous peoples?
Loss of land, population decline, forced labor, spread of Christianity, cultural changes that still affect communities today.