French Explorers
This French explorer made three voyages to Canada, claimed the Gaspé Peninsula for France in 1534.
Who was Jacques Cartier?
Sailing for England in 1497, this Italian navigator landed in Newfoundland, reporting the Grand Banks.
Who was John Cabot (or Giovanni Caboto)?
Meaning the policy of extending a country's power and influence over new lands and territories, drove Britain and France to compete for control of Canada.
What is imperialism?
These are the "Three G's" that sum up the primary motivations for European exploration.
What are God, Glory, and Gold?
A disease caused by a severe lack of vitamin C, which killed many early sailors and explorers until Indigenous peoples shared a cure made from boiled tree bark.
What is scurvy?
Known as the "Father of New France," he retraced Cartier’s routes, established Port-Royal in Acadia, and founded Quebec City in 1608.
Who was Samuel de Champlain?
This British explorer looked for the Northwest Passage in 1610 but ended up trapped in the ice of a massive northern Canadian bay.
Who was Henry Hudson?
This coastal Indigenous group in Newfoundland had an unfriendly relationship with European fishermen and eventually became extinct due to conflict and European diseases.
Who were the Beothuk?
European explorers initially set sail across the Atlantic Ocean looking for a faster, shorter trade route to this specific continent.
What is Asia?
The general term for the original inhabitants of the land now called Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples.
Who are Indigenous people?
This explorer was fired by King François I of France after the "gold" and "diamonds" he brought back from Canada turned out to be worthless iron pyrite and quartz crystals.
Who was Jacques Cartier?
In 1576, this British explorer tried to find an Arctic route to Asia and brought home a black stone he thought was gold, which turned out to be fool's gold.
Who was Martin Frobisher?
This nation was among the first to encounter and trade furs with the French in Eastern Canada, forming an early alliance with Champlain.
Who were the Mi'kmaq?
This economic theory taught that a nation's power was directly based on its wealth, driving empires to gather raw materials from colonies.
What is mercantilism?
A permanent settlement or territory established and controlled by a country in a foreign land.
What is a colony?
He was the chief of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians at Stadacona whose two sons were kidnapped by Cartier to serve as guides and proof for the French king.
Who was Chief Donnacona?
This fur trader and explorer for the North West Company became the first European to complete an overland crossing of North America north of Mexico.
Who was Alexander Mackenzie?
Jacques Cartier misunderstood the Huron-Iroquois word "kanata", which actually meant this, and used it to name the entire country.
What is village/settlement?
Valuable goods like silk and these highly prized food preservatives heavily intrigued European merchants and drove early trade.
What are spices?
a serious airborne bacterial infection caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually targets the lungs.
What is tuberculosis?
This French explorer traveled all the way down the Mississippi River, claiming the massive interior region of North America for King Louis XIV.
Who was René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle?
This explorer mapped the western interior of Canada for the Hudson's Bay Company and became the first European to reach the Arctic Ocean by land.
Who was Samuel Hearne?
This highly prized Canadian animal resource became the driving force behind European exploration deeper into the Canadian wilderness because it was used to make fashionable top hats in Europe.
What is beaver fur?
This is the specific term used to describe the historical time period in the 15th to 17th centuries when European ships traveled around the world to find new trade routes.
What is the Age of Exploration (or Age of Discovery)?
An ancient navigation tool used by sailors to determine their latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or stars above the horizon.
What is an astrolabe?