French Revolution
Why did the people not like King Louis XVI?
He was well-meaning but indecisive, overall seen as weak.
By staging a coup d'etet and becoming First Consul. He later crowns himself as emperor.
Why did the industrial revolution start in Britain?
Because Britain was rich in natural resources like coal and iron, and it had strong agriculture.
Who was Otto Von Bismark?
The Prussian prime minister who orchestrated the unification of the German states.
Why did the revolution happen?
The Tsarist system was outdated and disliked. The economy of Russia was also failing, and the country was broken and suffering after the first World War.
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
After the Third Estate broke away from the Estates-General, they met in a tennis court and swore not to disband until France had a new constitution.
What was the Napoleonic Code?
A set of laws issued by Napoleon to reshape France's legal and justice system.
Name three key inventions in the industrial revolution.
The steam engine, the spinning Jenny, railroads, the water frame, the power loom, the steamship.
After unification, who become the emperor of Germany?
King Wilhelm I.
What caused Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate?
Workers in Petrograd went on strike and soldiers refused to fire on protesters. Nicholas II realized he had lost control and abdicated.
What was the Flight to Varennes?
When the king tries to stealthily escape France due to the violent uprisings, but he was caught and later executed.
What was the Continental System and why was it bad for Napoleon?
Napoleon's attempt to block Britain off from trade with the rest of Europe. It hurt the economies of most countries in Europe while strengthening Britain's since they had other places to trade with. It also caused massive backlash against Napoleon.
Name three effects of the industrial revolution.
Harsh working conditions, increased urbanization, increased agriculture, child labor, new social classes, new economic ideas like Communism and Capitalism, improved standard of living in the long term, lowered in the short term.
Name the three wars of unification.
The Danish War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War.
Who were the Bolsheviks and what was their saying?
A socialist party led by Vladmir Lenin. They started the October Revolution to overthrow the provisional government, and their slogan was "Peace, land, and bread."
What was the storming of the Bastille?
A Parisian crowd attacked and captured the Bastille, a fortress and prison in Paris. They stole gunpowder and ammunition for defense against the king's troops and tore apart the fortress.
What happened during Napoleon's invasion of Russia?
Napoleon sent the largest army in all of Europe to storm Russia. The Russians retreated from them and burned crops and villages so that the army couldn't use them. Before a single battle was fought, the soldiers already suffered from hunger, cold, and sickness. Napoleon found Moscow abandoned, and he returned to France with a fraction of the army he'd started with.
How did the Agricultural Revolution contribute to the industrial revolution?
The agricultural revolution led to increased food production, which led to increased population and a higher number of urban workers. It also meant fewer people needed to work on farms, so those people moved to cities.
What was the Ems Telegram?
A telegram from King Wilhelm to France that was intercepted and edited by Bismark to make it sound hostile.
What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
The treaty that pulled Russia out of World War 1, but at a massive cost of land.
Who was Robespierre?
The leading member of the Jacobins. He started the Reign of Terror under the idea that "virtue without terror is powerless."
Why was Napoleon exiled, to where, and what happened afterwards?
Napoleon was exiled after his empire collapsed because of his failed attack on Russia. He was exiled to a small island called Elba. Afterwards, he tried to return to France and was successful for a time, but then was defeated in the Battle of Waterloo and sent to Saint Helena.
List five problems caused by the Industrial Revolution.
Child labor, unsafe working conditions, disease, overcrowding, pollution, low wages/long hours.
What was the Zollverein?
It removed internal tariffs in German states in order to create a single economic market.
What was the Russian Civil War and what happened?
People were furious at the Bolsheviks for signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Russia split into the Reds and the Whites. In the end, the Reds won because of Trotsky's leadership and several other reasons.