12 - The Renaissance
This is the nation where the Renaissance started
Italy
Martin Luther believed that salvation was achieved via this
Faith alone (Sola fide)
The nation revolted against Spanish attempts to control politics and force the practice of Catholicism
The Netherlands
This officially ended the debate over Parliament's power relative to that of the king in England
English Bill of Rights
Theory regarding the universe that first challenged traditional Aristotelian science
Heliocentrism
More than anything else, this was needed in order to participate in the Renaissance culture
Wealth / Money
This belief separated Luther from Calvin
Predestination
French Huguenots practiced this religion
Calvinism
This was Peter the Great's primary goal for Russia
To make it more Western / European
Of Hobbes and Locke, this was the man with the darker view of human nature, claiming man was naturally in a state of chaos
Thomas Hobbes
This "ism" drove the Renaissance and was based on such things as a renewed love of the Classics and a focus on earthly life
Humanism
This agreement allowed German princes to decide which religion their land would practice
Peace of Augsburg
This event made the French Wars of Religion an international issue
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
This European state consolidated it's power through developing a strong military
New analogy used to describe God's role in the working of the universe
Nature and a mechanism / Watch & watchmaker
Northern humanists differed from Italian humanists by focusing more on these two things
Education and religion
This meeting was successful in reviving the Catholic Church after the Protestant Reformation
Council of Trent
This 1648 treaty gave legal recognition to Calvinism, granted Dutch independence, and ended the Thirty Years' War
Peace of Westphalia
Idea used by Louis XIV and the Stuart kings of England to justify their absolute rule
Divine Right of Kings
Explain Pascal's wager
Better to believe in God whether or not he actually exists
Spanish conquests of the native populations in the New World were aided by these (name 3)
Guns, steel (armor & swords), written language, horses, disease
King Henry IV cut ties with the papacy via this 1543 act of Parliament
Act of Supremacy
Name 2 politiques
Elizabeth I of England, Henri IV of France, William of Orange
The Pragmatic Sanction allowed this person to take the Austrian throne in 1740
Maria Theresa
Two reasons it would have been difficult for people to believe Galileo's ideas in the 1600s
Not 100% accurate, full of errors, replacing centuries-old theory, people too uneducated