This powerful banking family in Florence became very influential; one of them even became the pope.
Who are the Medicis?
100
Martin Luther's main problem with the Catholic Church was this practice.
What is the selling of indulgences?
100
This Portuguese explorer found the Cape of Good Hope, but had to turn back because he feared mutiny.
Who is Bartholomeu Dias?
100
This man was the driving force behind absolutism in France before Louis XIV was old enough to rule. He used intendants to keep provincial governments under control and sought to strengthen royal control.
Who is Cardinal Richelieu?
100
This theory of the universe, eventually disproved by Copernicus and Galileo, claimed that the earth was at the center.
What is the geocentric theory?
200
This new concept of life emphasized individualism and a return to the study of ancient Greek and Roman texts
What is humanism?
200
This document issued by Henry IV allowed Protestants (Huguenots) to worship privately anywhere and opened the door to religious toleration.
What is the Edict of Nantes?
200
This Italian man traveled to Asia with his father and uncle and later wrote about his experiences in his book Travels, which was the most informative description of Asia at the time.
Who is Marco Polo?
200
This English thinker claimed that absolutism was the best form of government because men were guided by animal instincts and needed a firm hand. His ideal of a social contract was that people give up rights and power to a king in order to maintain order.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
200
These social gatherings in the homes of upper class women featured guests conversing with artists, writers, scientists, and occasionally political figures. They served to further the ideas of the Enlightenment.
What are salons?
300
This man wrote a book describing the proper behavior for Renaissance men and women. The book was called The Courtier.
Who is Castiglioni?
300
This document brought an end to the Thirty Years War.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
300
These two men conquered native civilizations in South America and Mexico.
Who are Francisco Pizarro and Hernando de Cortes?
300
Devoted to expanding the Prussian empire, this king made a deal with the nobles: he controlled the government, and they controlled the peasants.
Who is Frederick the Great?
300
Johannes Kepler formulated his laws of planetary motion based on the observations of this Danish astronomer as well as his own mathematical knowledge.
Who is Tycho Brahe?
400
A man who could dance, fight, compose poetry, converse with ladies, and was a generally well-rounded individual became the ideal and was called this.
What is a Renaissance man?
400
The English Civil War led to the beheading of this English king after his Cavaliers were defeated by Oliver Cromwell's Roundheads.
Who is Charles I?
400
This man was from Italy, but sailed for England. He reached what is now the New England coastline of NOrth America and explored it.
Who is John Cabot?
400
Russia fought the Great Northern War with Sweden under this tsar, who also decided to "westernize" the nation after visiting Western Europe.
Who is Peter the Great?
400
This group of thinkers were called "economists" by their critics. they opposed guild regulations and price controls and advocated a policy of laissez-faire.
Who are physiocrats?
500
This was the belief that the individual could commune with God without priests or sacraments. It offered a deeper religion.
What is Mysticism?
500
This decree issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521 banned the writings of Luther and labeled him a heretic and enemy of the Church.
What is the Edict of Worms?
500
This Spanish explorer led an expedition across the Isthmus of Panama and reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513.
Who is Vasco Nunez de Balboa?
500
This emperor's catchphrase was "L'etat, c'est moi!", or "I am the state!"
Who is Louis XIV?
500
This novel by Rousseau called for a "natural" education free of the artificial encumbrances imposed by institutions such as the Church.