Population genetics & forces of evolution
Change in this is the modern definition of evolution.
What are allele frequencies?
Chimpanzee genetic diversity relative to human genetic diversity.
What is higher?
Genetic structure among chimpanzee subspecies relative to the level of genetic structure among humans living in different regions of the globe.
What is greater?
Most human phenotypes have this type of genetic architecture, which involves the influence of many genetic variants.
What is polygenic? (or complex)
This type of ancestry refers to all the ancestors that you have inherited DNA from.
What is genetic ancestry?
This force of evolution increases genetic structure.
What is genetic drift?
This is the continent where human genetic diversity is the highest.
What is Africa?
Humans show this pattern of increasing genetic structure with increasing geographic distance.
What is isolation by distance?
This human phenotype is known to be influenced by thousands of genetic variants, as well as childhood nutrition and infectious disease.
What is height?
Abbreviated IBD, this term is used to describe DNA that we share with a relative due to shared inheritance.
What is identity (or identical) by descent?
This force of evolution decreases genetic structure.
Gene flow/migration.
Humans have high genetic diversity compared to many of these species.
What are domesticates or lab animals or model organisms?
A value near 0 of this statistic indicates very low genetic structure among populations.
What is Fst/fixation index?
These alleles influence mulitple phentoypes.
What is pleiotropic?
On average, there are 33 of these events per meiosis.
What is recombination?
What is a bottleneck?
This is the genetic variation a population's gene pool currently contains.
What is standing variation?
Reproductive isolation/barriers to gene flow.
These phenotypes are influenced by both the environment and genetics.
What is multifactorial?
Ancestry estimate involves assembling an individual's haplotypes and then determining how frequently these haplotypes occur in these groups of living people in existing databases.
What are reference groups?
During the peopling of the globe, this process resulted in decreasing diversity with pulse of migration into a new geographic area
What is [serial] founder's effect/event?
In humans, this type of genetic variant tend to be rare (at <5% frequency) in the geographic regions where it is found.
What is a private allele?
High levels of genetic structure between populations can lead to this macroevolutionary process.
What is speciation?
This fallacy refers to the assumption that traits that run in families are genetic without accounting for shared environment.
What is the familial fallacy?
This is what ancestry tests actually measure.