Respiratory System
What is the purpose of the pulmonary apparatus?
To facilitate gas exchange
What is the main function of the vertebral column?
To protect the spinal cord, provide structural support for the body
What muscle is primarily responsible for inspiration?
The diagphram
What is Tidal Volume (TV)?
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during a cycle of respiration.
What is passive force in the respiratory system?
The forces generated by the elastic recoil of tissues, particularly the lungs and chest wall, rather than active muscle contractions.
Name the parts of the respiratory system.
Torso, which is divided by the diaphragm. Upper cavity (heart and lungs) and lower cavity (abdomen containing digestive system, glands, and other organs
How many true ribs are there?
7
How do abdominal wall muscles affect breathing?
During expiration, these muscles push the diagphram upward, decreasing lung volume and pushing air outwards.
What is Residual Volume (RV)?
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum exhalation
Describe the rib cage movement during inspiration.
The ribs elevate and move outwards, expanding the chest cavity
What is the function of the alveoli?
What are floating ribs?
ribs 11-12. Not connected to the sternum or other ribs but connected to the spine.
What is the role of the internal intercostal muscles?
aid in forced exhalation by depressing ribs and reducing size of the thoracic cavity.
Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV).
The amount of air that can be inhaled above TV
How does gravity affect the respiratory system?
It causes uneven ventilation in the lungs.
Describe the thoracic cavity's location.
In the chest, between the neck and abdomen.
Name the two divisions of the skeletal framework.
Axial and appendicular skeleton.
How does the diaphragm move during expiration?
relaxes into a dome shape pushing against the lungs and causing air to move outward.
What is Vital Capacity?
Maximum amount of air that a person can exhale after having inhaled as deeply as possible. (TV + IRV + ERV)
What is the typical alveolar pressure for yelling?
80 cmH2O
How does the diaphragm aid in breathing?
By expanding and contracting to facilitate the movement of air in and out of the lungs.
What role do costal cartilages play?
Connects false ribs to true ribs, allowing rib cage to expand during inhalation.
What is "inspiratory checking"?
respiratory support technique used in speech therapy, particularly for individuals with dysarthria or other speech difficulties
List all lung capacities.
Vital capacity, functional residual capacity, inspiratory capacity, and total lung capacity
How does speech breathing change with age?
As age increases, the body initiates speech at higher lung volumes.