Rock Stuff
The part of the Earth’s crust that holds water. Made of basalt (heavier rock).
This is the part of the Earth’s crust that carries land. Made of granite (light rock).
These trap the sun’s heat and send it back to the surface of the Earth.
Most of this is consumed in homes is used for space heating and water heating. It is also used in stoves, ovens, clothes dryers, lighting fixtures and other appliances.
This is the physical or chemical breakdown of objects due to weather conditions (wind, water, and temperature on rocks and soil). It often results in the rounding of the sharp edges of rocks.
The lighter the surface, the more of the sun’s energy is reflected. The darker the surface, the more the sun’s light is absorbed.
What is the Albedo Effect?
This appears when two tectonic plates move away from each other.
This is the widest section of the Earth. It has a thickness of approximately 2,900 km. It is made up of semi-molten rock called magma. In the outer parts, the rock is hard, but the inner rock is soft and beginning to melt.
This greenhouse gas is far more powerful than Carbon in terms of turning the Earth into a greenhouse. It is made up of 4 hydrogens and 1 carbon.
All of the this and this that we use today began as microscopic plants and animals living in the ocean millions of years ago. These plants and animals absorbed energy from the sun which was stored as carbon molecules in their bodies. They die and are slowly transformed into substances we use as fuel.
This is rock that has been physically changed due to extreme heat and pressure.
Warming causes more evaporation and condensation. This means that more clouds are being formed. Because more clouds are formed, the sun’s rays are reflected back to the atmosphere, which means a cooling of the climate will take place. This is an example of THIS.
What is a Negative Feedback Loop?
This happens when the oceanic crust slides into the asthenosphere where it heats up and becomes magma. The magma eventually floats to the surface to create mountains and volcanoes.
These are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling, sinking again and then heating, and then rising and repeating the cycle over and over. REMEMBER: WHAT IS HOT RISES AND WHAT IS COLD SINKS.
The sun’s rays are solar energy until they are absorbed by the Earth’s surface where they then become THIS, which through the processes of convection currents, is sent back toward the Earth's atmosphere.
This is formed from the remains of trees and other vegetation.
This is when sediments, soil, or rocks are added to the land. It is the opposite of erosion. As layer adds onto layer adds onto layer, compaction and cementation of the sediment occurs.
This leads to the formation of ocean basins and the fracturing of continents. In essence, the earth’s crust cracks and begins to spread apart.
This term for what always eventually happens when two plates meet literally means below + tube or channel leading somewhere.
This comprises the layers of the Earth that have so much pressure and heat that the rocks can flow like a liquid.
This is a completely natural greenhouse gas. It is a much-needed part of the maintenance of natural climate, but human-made greenhouse gases are now compounding what it does naturally.
This is refined industrially so that we can use oil and oil products.
These crystallize below Earth's surface, and the slow cooling that occurs there allows large crystals to form.
These erupt onto the surface, where they cool quickly to form small crystals. The lava is cooled over a short period of time and these are usually smooth.
This is an underwater mountain range formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary.
This is the solid outer section of Earth, which includes Earth's crust (the "skin" of rock on the outer layer of planet Earth), as well as the underlying cool, hard upper part of the upper mantle. It makes up the TECTONIC PLATES of the Earth’s surface!
This is a greenhouse gas that comes mainly from fertilizers and fossil fuel burning. It only makes up 6% of human-made emissions.
These develop mostly on submerged or clammy surfaces, and they are layers upon layers of microorganisms that, for millions of years, have created covered the ocean floor when they die. Their remains eventually joined the rock cycle and the heat and pressure under the Earth changed them into fossil fuels.