Fossil Record
Absolute and Relative
What is natural selection
Surviving in your environment due to certain favorable traits
What are hominids?
Humans and ancestors of humans
Who is Lamarck. Tell me all you can about him
•Jean Baptiste Lamark proposed the inheritance of acquired characteristics as a mechanism for evolution suggesting that by using or not using ones body parts, an individual tends to develop certain characteristics, which it passes on to its offspring.
Homologous structures
Same evolutionary origin
different functions
Superposition
Superposition – if rock layers have not been disturbed, lower strata (layer of rock) is oldest
Fitness
ability to survive and produce FERTILE offspring
Human arm and bat wing are an example of
homologous structures
•Georges Cuvier promoted the idea of catastrophism – idea that sudden catastrophes (volcanoes, earthquakes, floods) caused the extinction of large groups of organisms at certain points in the past
analogous structures
Different origin, similar function.
Drawback of determining age
Parts of fossil are destroyed in absolute age.
Is genetic variation bad?
Genetic variation can be great!! Darwin believed it was an advantage
Sharks and Dolphins are examples of what
Pasteur
2 flasks. One open one unopen.. no growth in closed container
Microbial growth in open container.
Convergent evolution and divergent evolution. Must explain both
Convergent- different ancestors but similar adaptations due to similar environment
Divergent evolution- Same ancestor different functions
Transitional Species
•Transitional species – species which have features that are intermediate between those of the hypothesized ancestors and later descendant species (this is GRADUAL)
darwins 4 reasons for evolution
overproduction
genetic variation
struggle to survive
reproduction
domed, intermediate and saddle back tortoises are examples of
convergent evolution
Miller- Urey
Brought gases together and caused electric spark which represented lightening.. this drove the reaction to produce organic compounds such as amino acids
Vestigial structures?
•Vestigial Structures – structures that are reduced in size and function but may have been complete and functional in an organisms ancestor
Explain relative age and absolute age
Relative- comparing the fossil to other fossils
NO NUMERICAL VALUE
Absolute- Using radiometric dating. NUMERICAL VALUE
Evolution? must be detailed
•Evolution is the process of change in the inherited characteristics in a population over generations so that new types of organisms develop from preexisting types.
4 human evolution
smaller jaw
bigger brain
communication
tools
Darwin
Natural Selection! Based off of the Galapagos finches.
Explain coevolution AND artificial selection
•Coevolution is two or more species that have evolved adaptations to each other’s influence.
•Artificial Selection – human breeders choose the individuals that will parent the next generation.