Homologous and Analogous
What are homologous structures?
Body parts of organisms that are similar in structure and position, but different in function.
What is a vestigial structure?
Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.
Which organisms are closer relatives: a dolphin and shark or a human and a dolphin?
What is embryology?
The science of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth.
The fossil record is enormous, but is still_________.
incomplete
What is an Analogous structure?
Body parts of organisms that perform a similar function but differ in structure.
How are vestigial structures evidence of descent from ancestral species?
A structure with no function in a living species suggests that it descended from an ancestor that used the structure.
Molecular biology looks at how similar or different _____ is in different animals.
DNA/proteins
What is an embryo?
An unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development.
Generally, the older the fossil, the shallower or deeper it is in Earth
deeper
The wings of a butterfly and the wings of an eagle are an example of:
What purpose did our appendix use to serve?
Based on the hemoglobin data in station 3, which creature is least related to humans: A) Chimpanzee B) Gorilla C) Horse D) Kangaroo
Define mutation.
A change in DNA sequence
Fossils form when animals get trapped in peat bogs, quick sand, tar pits, __________ and _____________.
Ice and amber
The leg of a cat and the wing of a bird are an example of:
What are examples of vestigial structures in humans?
If two species shared a recent common ancestor, the less time there was for ______________ to accumulate. Meaning their DNA/proteins are more similar.
Mutations
Mutations that affect embryo development would likely be _________, and are therefore not likely to be passed on.
Letha
Fossils often form in this type of rock.
Sedimentary rock.
Do homologous or analogous structures give us more evidence about two species sharing a common ancestor?
homologous
What is one vestigial structure in a whale?
How is molecular biology used to determine relationships among species?
By comparing shared genes or proteins in different species to see how closely they match. The closer the match, the more likely they're related.
What two methods allow scientists to determine the age of fossils?
1. Relative dating
2. Radioactive dating