Developmental/Personality
Learning & Conditioning
Sleep/Consciousness
Emotion/Motivation
Memory
100

What is a Psychopathy Checklist - Revised?

Risk assessment used for assessing psychopathic traits in individuals

100

Name and explain at least 4 experiments/studies

Bandura's bobo doll, Zimbardo's Stanford prison, Little Albert, and Milgram's obedience study

100

What are some sleep disorders? (explain them) 

Insomnia: trouble falling or staying asleep 

Sleep Apnea: breathing interruptions 

Narcolepsy: sudden sleep attacks

Night Terrors: intense fear and movement during NREM sleep

100

Ekman's basic emotions (universal and recognizable facial expressions)

Happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise and disgust

100

What is memory and its stages?

The ability to encode, store, and retrieve info. overtime. 

-Encoding: process of transforming info. into a form that can be stored in memory 

-Storage: process of maintaing info. in memory overtime 

-Retrieval: process of bringing stored info. into conscious awareness

200

Risk and Protective factors in Development 

Risk: trauma, poverty, low birth weight

Protective: education, attachment, support systems

200

Reciprocal Determinism? 

Bandura's idea that behavior, personal factors and environment influence each other. While behavior is learned, social context and personal beliefs influences

200

State and describe the stages of sleep

Stage 1: Light sleep, drifting 

Stage 2: Sleep spindles and k-complexes 

Stage 3: Deep sleep, slow-wave sleep 

REM: Rapid eye movement, dreaming, and muscle paralysis

200

What is the facial feedback hypothesis?

Idea that facial expressions can influence emotional experience. Ex:  smiling can make you feel happier

200

Memory system according to Atkinson-Shiffrin's model? (Describe/Explain)

1. Sensory Memory - Brief storage system that holds sensory info. for a few seconds or less

2. Short Term Memory - Duration about 20 secs and capacity 7 to 2 items 

3. Long Term Memory - Permanant and limitless storehouse of the memory

300

Describe the Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN)

Openness, Consciousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism 

O: willingness to explore (imaginative person) 

C: organized/self disciplined (dependable person) 

E: sociable (outgoing person)

A: Compassionate (empathetic person)

N: mood fluctuations (intense emotions being experienced) 

300

What is conformity and factors influencing it? 

The tendency to align attitudes, beliefs, and behavior w group norms. Driven by a desire to be liked and accepted

Factors: group size, status, and public response

300

Levels of consciousness

1. Conscious (active awareness)

2. Preconscious (easily accessible info.)

3. Unconscious (hidden desires/traumas) 

4. Altered States (hypnosis, meditation, sleep, and drug-induced states) 

300

Incentive Theory

That behavior is motivated by external rewards or stimuli, not just internal drive

300

Difference btw implicit and explicit memory

I: skills 

E: events and facts 

400

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

Proposes 8 stages of psychosocial conflicts throughout the lifespan.

Ex: Identity vs Isolation: teen focusing on forming stable sense of self or Intimacy vs Isolation: young adulthood forming lasting relationships 

400

What is acquisition, generalization and discrimination in classical conditioning?

A: initial stage when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an US to have a CR

G: responding to stimuli similar to the CS 

D: learned ability to distinguish between the CS and other stimuli

400

Importance of REM Sleep?

Essential for memory consolidation and emotional regulation, vivid dreams and brain development

400

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological - shelter, food, water 

Safety - health, employment, personal security

Love/Belonging - family, friends, relationships

Esteem - respect, strength, status

Self-Actualization - desire to be better

400

What is Context and State dependent memory?

Con: improved recall in the same physical setting 

Sta: improves recall in the same emotional state

500

Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor: 0-2 years old, learning through physical interaction 

Preoperational:2-7 years old, symbolic play but lacks logical operations

Concrete operational: 7-11 years old, logical thinking abt events and conversations

Formal operational: 12+, abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking 

500

Explain Structuralism, Behaviorism, and Functionalism

S: aimes to break down mental processes into basic components through instrospection

B: observable behavior over interbal mental states (introspection) 

F: focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior, the purpose of the behavior rather than its structure

500

What was Sigmund Freud's concepts and ideas regarding the unconscious mind?

The role of the unconscious mind in shaping behavior, how childhood trauma and unconscious conflicts influence personality. 

Concepts: id (instinctual desires), ego (rational thought), and superego (moral conscience) 

500

The 3 main theories of emotions

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor theory: Emotions are based on physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal

Cannon-Bard theory: Emotion and physiological arousal occur simultaneously but independently

James-Lange theory: Emotion is the result of physiological arousal 

500

Types of Interference in Memory 

Proactive interference: old info. interferes w new

Retroactive interference: new info. interferes w old

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