Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution resulted in a ________ because it changed the way we understand how all living things came to be and how they function.
paradigm shift
An example of artificial selection
selection for cows that produce more milk
In which of the following scenarios is a model being used to make predictions to plan for the future?
Someone checks the weather forecast for the weekend
Which of the following is true of both analogous and homologous traits?
Both can be used as evidence for Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.
To understand the evolution of a species, we need to know about its ancestors and the changes that have occurred within the lineage leading to that species. Darwin called this process
descent with modification
Natural Selection acts on ___ differences in a population
phenotypic, not genotypic
Manipulative experiments
allow scientists to directly assess how changes in one component of a system influence the other components.
Which of the following examples best illustrates the concept of spontaneous generation?
Maggots spontaneously transform into flies
One of the observations for which Darwin’s theory of evolution provided an explanation is
why offspring tend to share traits with their parents
How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
Artificial selection relies on humans choosing which traits are beneficial
Which of the following is best considered a scientific theory rather than a scientific hypothesis?
Atmospheric oxygen levels, light levels, soil nitrogen, and several other factors have been tested and shown to strongly influence the height to which plants grow.
How can gene duplication provide an evolutionary pathway by which a protein can switch functions without the loss of the original function?
An extra copy of a working gene is formed that can gain a new function without changing the function of the original gene.
What were Charles Darwin’s two fundamental insights about the process of evolution?
All species have descended from one or a few common ancestors, and populations, not individuals, evolve over time.
In what way are natural selection and artificial selection similar?
Both result in an increased frequency of beneficial alleles
Long-term evolution experiments in laboratory populations of E. coli are valuable for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that they allow researchers to
precisely replicate natural populations of E. coli evolving in the wild.
How did Charles Lyell explain Earth’s geological features?
Lyell said Earth’s features were a result of the same processes currently observable, which have occurred over very long periods of time in a slow, gradual manner
Which of the following best summarizes the process of evolution by natural selection?
Mutations that improve the fitness of individuals will tend to increase in frequency over time.
Lenski and Travisano studied evolution in E. coli cells for 500 generations using 12 replicate lineages. Which of the following is not true of their study?
The results of natural selection were identical in each lineage.