10.1 Early Ideas Evolution
The process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors
Evolution
The difference in the physical trait among individuals in a group of organisms?
Variation
Humans select individuals with the traits they desire, and then breed them to produce more individuals with those traits.
Artificial Selection
What is the difference between homologous structure and analogous structure?
Extra points: Can you give an example of each
homologous shares similar structure but appear in different organisms and may have different functions. Analogous structure perform similar but are not similar in origin.
Forelimbs of humans, bats, and moles are examples of homologous.
Bird wings and butterfly wings are examples of Analogous.
What is the study of fossils or extinct organisms?
Paleontology
a group of organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring.
Species
What adaptations did Darwin notice in Finches?
They had different types of beaks
The ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next
Heritability
What are Vestigial structures? And give an example
Small left over organs or structures that had a function
Pelvic bones in whales
How does genetic evidence give information about evolutionary relationships?
How are catastrophism and gradualism different?
Catastrophism believes landforms were shaped by natural disasters, and gradualism is the idea they were shaped slowly over time.
feature that allows an organism to better survive in it its environment
Process in which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring than do other individuals
Natural Selection
What were the four lines of evidence Darwin used to support his argument for evolution?
fossils change over time, plants and animals looked similar to species on the mainland , but not exactly the same, embryos of different species look very similar
What is the modern synthesis of evolutionary biology?
The theory of natural selection combined with genetics
Catastrophism, gradualism, uniformitarianism
What is one example of biological variation that Darwin observed in his travels?
Finches, the change in beak
What is the difference between the meanings of the terms evolution and natural selection?
Evolution- process of biological change by which descendants differer from their ancestors. Natural selection is the process in which environmental is in charge of selection
How do vestigial structures demonstrate common ancestry?
They can be traced back and the structures can be proved to be similar to other species, even though they are small and not used.
Name Three fields of science in which the principles of evolution are used.
geology, geography, chemistry, medicine, and ecology.
How did the ideas of scientists before Darwin influence Darwin's?
The Ideas are what Darwin built his theory on.
What is one example of geological evidence supporting uniformitarianism that Darwin observed in his travels?
He found fossil shells of marine organisms high up in the Andes mountains. Later he experienced an earthquake and saw land that had been underwater get shifted up above the sea level.
What are the four main principles of the theory of natural selection
Over production, adaptation, variation, and descent with modification
The study of the distribution of organisms around the world
Biogeography
Why are transitional fossils important information for tracing the course of evolution?
Example?
provide new information and evidence for current ideas about evolution
Whales