Evidence for Evolution
Phylogenetic Trees & Cladograms
Speciation
Scientific Naming
Selective Pressures
100
Which layer would have the oldest fossils?
Layer 1
100
Which trait do the Sea Bass, Antelope, Bald Eagle, and the Alligator share (not the lamprey)?
Jaws
100
_________ occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics.
Speciation
100
1. Scientific names are always written in ____ parts.
2. The genus name is written ______.
3. The species name is written ______.
1. 2
2. first
3. last
100
______________ are external agents which affect an organism's ability to survive in a given environment.
Selective pressures
200
The following picture is showing the concept of __________ structures.
homologous
200
How long ago did the common ancestor of all the organisms on this phylogenetic tree exist?
Answer must be in between 27mya and 29mya.
200
Which type of reproductive barrier is depicted here?
Geographic, Behavioral, Timing, Anatomy, Genetic Incompatibility
Geographic
200
The scientific name of a cat is Felis catus. What is the genus name of a cat.
Felis
200
Giraffes have long necks so that they can reach up into the edible vegetation in large trees. What is the selective pressure?
The pressure is the access to food.
300
Wisdom teeth were needed by our ancestors to essentially be "replacement" teeth. They would push all of a person's remaining teeth forward so that they would have teeth to eat food. However, they are not needed any more in societies with advanced dental care. Therefore, they would be considered _________ structures here.
vestigial
300
Based on this cladogram, which two species have the most DNA similarity?
Pygmy chimps and humans
300
Which type of reproductive barrier is depicted here?
Geographic, Behavioral, Timing, Anatomy, Genetic Incompatibility
Behavioral
300
Which two species are most closely related?
Lion and tiger
300
Rabbits have eyes on the sides of their heads, which is beneficial for being able to have a larger peripheral vision. What is the selective pressure?
The pressure is predation.
400
Order the following species from most related to humans to least related to humans.
A-Chimps, B-Fruit Flies, C-Banana Trees, D-Cats, E-Cows
Most related
A-Chimps
D-Cats
E-Cows
B-Fruit Flies
C-Banana Trees
400
Which species are more related?
Option 1 - The Raccoon and the Red Panda
Option 2 - The Giant Panda and the Spectacled Bear
Option 2 - The Giant Panda and the Spectacled Bear
Explanation - their most recent common ancestor was around ~17mya. The most recent common ancestor of the Raccoon and the Red Panda was around ~23mya.
400
Why do some biologists and ecologists consider the polar bear and the grizzly bear to be the same species?
Because they can still have fertile offspring.
400
All rays belong to the same ____1____ but different ____2____.
1 - genus
2 - species
400
What is the selective pressure for the peppered moth?
Predation from birds
500
Which term is used to describe this piece of evidence for evolution?
Homologous Embryology
500
Draw the following phylogenetic tree with the following organisms in the correct spots.
DNA Similarities
Species A & B: 92% DNA in common
Species A & C: 87% DNA in common
Species A & D: 95% DNA in common
Two correct answers:
500
Donkeys and horses can breed to have a mule. So why are the donkeys and horses considered to be different species?
Mules are not fertile
500
Order the following from least specific to most specific.
A-Phylum
B-Species
C-Family
D-Domain
E-Kingdom
F-Order
G-Genus
H-Class
Least specific
D-Domain
E-Kingdom
A-Phylum
H-Class
F-Order
C-Family
G-Genus
B-Species
Most specific
500
What is a selective pressure for bacteria since the 1950s?
Antibiotics
Antiseptics (soap, cleaning solutions, alcohol/hand sanitizer)