Inheritance
Natural selection
Selective breeding
Variation
science wild card
100
who is 'the father of genetics'?
Gregor Mendel
100
Name all three of these: 1) The boat Darwin sailed on 2) The ground breaking book on Natural Selection Darwin wrote 3) The name of the islands where Darwin deduced Natural selection.
1) The Beagle 2) 'The origin of species' 3) The Galapagos islands
100
Define 'selective breeding'
The contrived or specific breeding of organisms, both plants and animals, by man to gain certain beneficial characteristics.
100
Variations can be as a result of two factors. What are they?
Genetic and environmental
100
what is the name of the bacteria used in yoghurt production?
What is Lactobacillus bulgaricus
200
What are Mendels two laws?
Mendel’s First Law is the law of “Segregation of Characteristics.” This says that of a pair of characteristics (e.g. blue and brown eye colour) only one can be represented in a gamete. What he meant was that for any pair of characteristics there is only one gene in a gamete even though there are two genes in ordinary cells. If your eyes are blue, green or grey you have two alleles for blue eyes (bb), then your gametes must have a blue allele (b); if your eyes are brown you might have two brown allele (BB), then your gametes have one allele for brown (B) or you might have one allele of each kind (Bb), in which case you make two kinds of gametes some contain the brown allele (B) and some contain the blue allele (b). Mendel’s Second Law is the law of “Independent Assortment”. This says that for two characteristics the genes are inherited independently. If you had the genotype AaBb you would make four kinds of gametes: they would contain the combinations of either AB, Ab, aB or ab. Suppose one of your parents had the genotype AABB then you would have inherited AB from this parent. Suppose also that your other parent had the genotype aabb then you would have inherited ab from this parent. The combinations of AB and ab are parental types. Your genotype is AaBb and some of your children will inherit these parental types either AB or ab from you. However, it is also possible for some of your children to inherit new combinations called “re-combinants from you. These are Ab and aB.
200
What group of birds did Darwin famously study to deduce his theories about Natural selection? And What feature of those birds did he study?
Finches and Beaks
200
Name the breed of cow that are specifically bred for increased meat production. And What Gene was selected for in those animals
Belgian Blue and A faulty gene that didn't stop muscle production in cows so the muscles could grow and grow
200
Name the type of variation that the following are: 1) height 2) blood group
1) continuous 2) discontinuous
200
who was the 'father of vaccination' who discovered the cure for smallpox and what was the similar disease he used as a vaccination
Edward Jenner and Cowbox
300
in eye colour, in the cross Bb x Bb what would the: 1) genotypes produced be? 2) phenotypes produced be? 3) ratio produced be?
1) BB + Bb + Bb + bb 2) brown + brown + brown + blue 3) 3:1
300
what is a mutation?
A mutation is a sudden spontaneous change in the genetic make up of an organism.
300
Name three organisms selectively bred and Name two disadvantages to selective breeding.
Examples like: 1) cattle to breed to produce cows with a higher milk yield 2) wheat plants to breed to produce plants with a high yield or 3) plants that are resistant to fungal diseases 4) dogs to breed to produce a pedigree of dog of a specific type Disadvantages: reduction of genetic variation / gene pool Cruelty / harmful to the animals over time
300
Name two NATURAL processes that can form mutations:
1) Spot mutation (random DNA errors or changes) 2) Recombination variation due to 'crossing over'
300
what is the speed of light?
186,000 miles per second 300,000 km per second 670 million miles an hour
400
Name the three types of competing relationship that can exist between alleles that could be expressed? e.g B and b
1) Dominant 2) Recessive 3) Co dominant
400
Define natural selection?
Those best adapted will survive to reproduce in greater numbers than those less well adapted. Those best adapted will pass on their advantageous genes / alleles to the next generation. The offspring of those that survive will tend to inherit the advantageous characteristics.
400
There have been two major leaps forwards in methods of selective breeding in history. The first was farming and intensive physical crossing of specific organisms, but what field did the second involve?
Genetics or Genetic engineering
400
Name two UNNATURAL ways that mutations can occur in DNA.
1) ionising radiation (gamma rays, X-rays, ultravoilet rays) 2) chemical mutagens (e.g. chemicals in tobacco)
400
Name the planets of the solar system in order of their distance from the sun (first letters is ok)
M V E M J S U N
500
Bb x Bb the most common progeny of this cross is bred with a blue eyed individual. What will be the ratios of blue and brown eyed individuals in the F2 generation?
Bb x Bb >>> BB + Bb + bB + bb most common progeny genotype is Bb Bb with bb >>> Bb + Bb + bb + bb so: 50 % blue eyes, 50% brown eyes
500
Two men came up with competing theories about how we acquired characteristics. Who were they, what did they say?
Darwin: Natural selection Le Marck: Environmental traits gained in life were inherited
500
Define: Allele Gene Homozygous Heterozygous
Allele: An allele is an alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. These DNA codings determine distinct traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring. Gene: A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. Homozygous: Homozygous refers to having identical alleles for a single trait Heterozygous: different alleles for a single trait
500
what are the dates of charles darwin?
1809 -1892
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