Evolution
This evolutionary theory states that change is the result of slow, continuous and consistent processes over long periods, rather than sudden drastic events
What is gradualism
Who is the father of our theory of natural selection
Who is Charles Darwin
The hip bones of a whale and the tail bone of a human
What are vestigial structures
The wings of a bird and the wings of a butterfly are what sort of structure?
What are analogous structures
An evolutionary tree that compares organisms along an evolutionary timeline is called a
Phylogenetic tree
What is the definition of a species
The survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best fit for their environment
What is Natural Selection
When comparing DNA sequences, the organisms with the (most/least) differences are the most related
Comparative anatomy, which compares body structures, have revealed __________ structures, which have different functions but the same evolutionary origin.
What are Homologous Structures
Organisms with lines that don't make it to the end of the tree are considered
Extinct
This evolutionary theory states that long periods of stability are interrupted by short rapid bursts of significant change and speciation, rather than evolving slowly and continuously
Punctuated equilibrium
A variation in an organism that helps it survive
What is an adaptation
An example of a structure that is homologous to the human arm
What is a cats limb, bat wing, whale flipper
Homologous structures are a result of which type of speciation
Divergent speciation
An organism that is in the middle of a line, representing a form that changed over time rather than dying out, is considered a
Transitional species
When similar species become more different over time, we call this _______. When different species become more similar over time, we call this ______. (need both words)
Divergence and Convergence
True or False: Organisms that are the strongest and fastest are the most fit for the environment always
False
Body parts that share a common function but have a different structure
What is an analogous structure
This type of evidence is from remains or traces of life, which gives us an idea of what life looked like in the past
Fossil Evidence
How is a cladogram different from a phylogenetic tree
It does not have a timeline/it only looks at physical traits
These organisms evolve rapidly due to their simple body plans and quick reproductive time
What are bacteria
Requirements of natural selection
1) Overproduction of offspring
2) Variation
3) Heredity
4) Descent with Modification
Comparative embryology which compares embryos of various species, have revealed that vertebrate animals share a ____________ with each other
______________ is the most universal type of physical evidence in which we compare __________ or _________ of various species (You need all 3 words to earn points)
Biochemistry, DNA and Proteins (amino acid sequences)
In a phylogenetic tree humans and chimpanzees are connected by an organism in the past. The organism is their ______
Common ancestor