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A theory (explanation) supported by evidence for how populations change over time
What is evolution?
The survival and reproduction of the organisms best fit for their environment
What is Natural Selection?
Inherited traits that children get from their parents are coded for by these.
What are GENES?
The random appearance of a new trait in an organism.
What is MUTATION?
A group of genetically similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring.
What is a species?
This man's observations of the Galapagos finches provided the foundation for his theory of Descent with Modification
Who is Charles Darwin?
A "fit" organism has the ability to do what two things?
Survive and Reproduce
What are the threadlike structures of DNA that carry genes called? How many do humans have?
What are CHROMOSOMES? What is 46 OR 23 pairs?
This change involves the addition (insertion) or removal (deletion) of one or more bases in a genetic sequence... which greatly affects the resulting protein.
What is FRAMESHIFT MUTATION?
A group of the same organism that occupies a specific area in a specific time.
What is a population?
The trait of finches that was closely observed to provide a basis for the Theory of Evolution
Variation in beak size and shape!
The regulating of population sizes by limiting resources like food, water, and space
What is competition?
What do we call the genetic make up of the individual, represented by a set of letters?
What is GENOTYPE?
When an organism has two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., BB or bb), it is called this.
What is HOMOZYGOUS?
Some genes can be hidden or covered up by another. These are considered to be _______.
What is RECESSIVE?
If two organisms have similar traits, but belong to different species, they must share one of these...
What is a common ancestor?
A variation that helps an organism to survive in a particular environment...
What is an adaptation?
For some traits, only one copy of a particular gene is needed to show a given trait. These genes are considered _______ over others.
What is DOMINANT?
The order of bases along a gene determines the order in which these are put together to form a protein.
What are AMINO ACIDS?
This type of reproduction involves only one parent and relies on the appearance of mutations to provide genetic diversity.
What is ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION?
Over many generations, these accumulate and can lead to significant changes in the characteristics of a population
advantageous traits/adaptations
In order for evolution to occur via natural selection, these three key conditions must be met...
1. Heritable traits
2. Variation
3. Overproduction
This tool is used to determine the possible outcomes of genetic crossings (i.e., a chart for finding the probability that an offspring will have a specific trait).
What is a PUNNETT SQUARE?
This nitrogenous base is in RNA but NOT in DNA.
What is URACIL (U)?
A BLUE chicken (BB) is crossed with a RED chicken (bb). What percentage of offspring will be red?
What is 0%