Early Earth
What gas was present in Earth's early atmosphere?
Oxygen (O2)
What type of evidence includes physical traits that are inherited from a common ancestor?
Homologous structures
What is the term for the preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past?
Fossils
What is speciation?
process by which new species arise
What is the process called in which unrelated species develop similar structures due to selective pressures?
convergent evolution
What is believed to be the first type of life that appeared on Earth?
Prokaryotic Cells
This piece of evidence looks at early development of organisms?
Embryology
How do scientists use radiometric dating to determine the age of fossils?
measuring the decay of isotopes
What type of speciation occurs when populations are separated by a physical barrier?
allopatric speciation
Identified as long periods of time with no change and then a short rapid change occurs.
punctuated equilibrium
Which nucleic acid was the first to form and store information?
RNA
Which evidence type includes the study of DNA sequences to determine evolutionary relationships?
Molecular evidence (comparative biochemistry)
What can the fossil record tell us about extinct species?
provides information about their structure, behavior, and evolution
What is the term for speciation that occurs without physical barriers
sympatric speciation
When a large percentage of species on Earth disappear.
Mass extinction
How did the oceans form?
Excessive rain (thousands of years) from steam released into the atmosphere.
What are vestigial structures?
remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor
What type of rock provides the best chance to make/find fossils?
sedimentary rocks
What are the different prezygogic barriers? (Hint: there are 4 that we learned about)
This occurs when a natural disaster occurs and the gene pool in a population is significantly reduced.
Bottleneck effect
What was the first mass pollution event on Earth?
The introduction of oxygen
A dolphin fin and shark fin represent which form of comparative anatomy?
Analogous strutcures
Why is the fossil record considered incomplete?
not all organisms fossilize and many fossils have yet to be discovered
Which postzygotic barrier causes hybrid offspring to be sterile?
hybrid infertility
This structure is used to show ancestry throughout time and identify traits that organisms share.
phylogenetic tree / cladogram