Evolution
The idea that each generation of offspring is slightly different than its parents.
What is descent with modification (also evolution)?
The tennis player spent a record 237 weeks as the world No.1 tennis player.
Who was Roger Federer?
Extreme variations are selected against and the middle range of phenotypes are retained in greater numbers.
What is stabilizing selection?
A group of genetically similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring.
What is a species?
Preserved remains or pieces of early extinct species that are different but look similar to species living today.
What is a fossil?
Two factors of all populations that natural selection requires to function
What are overproduction of offspring and variation?
a (dark) tongue-in-cheek honor recognizing individuals who have supposedly contributed to human evolution by selecting themselves out of the gene pool by dying or becoming sterilized via their own actions.
What are the Darwin Awards?
A phenotypic condition controlled by a single gene with two alleles where the heterozygote may have a higher fitness than either homozygous condition.
What is heterozygous advantage?
When a small group of individuals leave the main population and start a new population elsewhere, often due to a random (chance) event. This results in the gene frequencies in the new population to not represent the original population.
What is founders effect?
“leftover” features that served important functions in an organism’s ancestors
What are vestigial structures?
This pitcher has the most no-hitters in a career with 7.
Who is Nolan Ryan?
Any heritable trait that equips an organism to survive in its environmental niche.
What is an adaptation?
The first female US supreme court justice?
Who is Justice Sandra Day O'Connor?
This technology is used to compare DNA and amino acid sequences between different organisms to infer an evolutionary relationship
What is molecular biology?
If 5 out of 10,000 individuals have a homozygous recessive trait, how many individuals would you expect to be carries for the condition?
q^2 = 0.0005 (5/10,000)
q=0.022
p=0.978
2pq = 0.043 (430 out of 10,000)
The random appearance of a new trait in an organism.
What is a mutation?
The deepest and largest lake in the world?
Lake Baikal (Siberia)
Three factors that can impact the allele frequencies in a gene pool.
What are...
immigration/emigration
mutations
natural selection
reproductive isolation
non-random mating (mate choice)
random genetic drift (bottleneck / founder)