Microbiology
Alternative for that a single gene may have for a particular trait.
Allele
The study of how creatures develop before born or hatching from an egg.
The process by which humans selectively breed organisms with desired phenotypic traits
artificial selection
Small sample of population is separated from the rest of the population resulting in decreased genetic diversity.
Founder Effect
Diversification of a species into a number of different species, often over a relatively short of time
Divergent evolution
Observable characteristic that is expressed as a result of an allele pair.
Phenotype
The study of the differences and similarities between living things
Comparative Anatomy
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environments tend to survive and produce offspring.
Natural selection
Population declines to a very low number (due to environmental disaster, overhunting, etc) then rebounds
Bottleneck effect
The evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species
co-evolution
Any trait that increases an organism's reproductive success.
Adaptation
These show us how species have experience gradual change over long periods of time.
Fossil record
Survival of the _____________.
Fittest
Random movement of individuals between populations which increases genetic diversity.
Gene flow
unrelated species evolve similar traits because they live in similar niches or have similar lifestyles
convergent evolution
One reason for variation within a population; a random change in the genetic material.
What is a mutation
Homologous structure
The degree to which an organism is suited for survival.
fitness
When the probability that two individuals in a population will mate is not the same for all possible pairs of individuals.
Non-random mating
A single extreme phenotype is favored causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction.
Principle of natural selection stating that individuals in a population differ from one another
variation
Features present in modern animals that are no longer needed
Vestigial structures
A physical barrier of some sort geographically isolates two parts of a population, allowing them to evolve independently into two different species
allopatric speciation
random change to genetic material
mutation
Favors an average phenotype selecting against the extreme phenotypes
Stabilizing selection