Definitions
When an organism changes over time.
Evolution
All of the scenarios are examples of evolution with the EXCEPTION of the
A) loss of hind limbs by whales.
B) gradual loss of toes on the feet of horses.
C) change of a caterpillar into an adult butterfly.
D) change of bones in ostriches, from hollow to solid.
C) change of caterpillar into an adult butterfly
When studying a dinosaur fossil, the scientist concluded that the dinosaur was a herbivore (eats plants, not meat). Which part of the dinosaur was he most likely looking at?
Teeth/Jaw.
What are some reasons organisms become extinct?
Not adapting well, habitat destruction, over-hunted.
Charles Darwin authored which book?
The Origin of Species
Any factor (biotic or abiotic) that influences living organisms.
Environmental factors
When giraffes are eating the leaves of tall trees, eventually the tree will evolve and grow taller. What will happen to the giraffes as well?
They will evolve (very slowly over time) to have longer necks and be more capable of reaching taller trees.
Which fossils would give scientists clues about how a dinosaur moved?
Leg bones, backbones, etc.
In recent years, coral reefs have been going extinct because the warmer water has been killing off important protists and things necessary for coral life. What mostly likely is causing this?
Global Warming of the oceans.
The animal that Darwin is most famous for when proposing his idea of evolution is what?
Finches
When organisms with more desirable traits produce more offspring; thus, organisms with fewer desirable traits are less likely to pass their genes on.
Natural Selection
In a field, there is a species of moth that has two natural colors. Some are green, others are orange. If the field is green, which moths are more likely to survive in the long run?
Green moths because they blend into (camouflage) the green field better than the orange ones.
A scientist who has been studying fossils notices that one species of dinosaur was probably more intelligent than another. Which part of the skeleton might suggest this?
The skull (encephalization quotient).
Organisms that cannot ___________ to a changing environment are likely to go extinct.
adapt
What was the name of the ship Darwin sailed on?
HMS Beagle
When a species no longer exists.
Extinction
There are two islands very close to each other and have the same species on them. One island has an abundance of fruit to eat, the other island only has small seeds to eat. How might the birds on each island evolve over time?
On the fruit island, the bird will evolve a beak that can carve the fruit better. On the seed island, the bird will evolve a beak that can break seeds more easily.
How would scientists have determined that this newly discovered species was related to other known species of dinosaur?
A) Scientists made careful observations of behavioral patterns.
B) The DNA mutation rates for both species was calculated and compared.
C) Scientists made a detailed analysis of the fossilized bones of each species.
D) The enzyme activity of each species was studied to determine similarities in metabolism.
C) Scientists made a detailed analysis of the fossilized bones of each species.
Scientists concluded that dinosaurs likely went extinct because of what?
meteor
Though he sailed all over the world, which islands is Darwin most famous for researching?
The Galapagos
When two parents’ genetic material combines to make a new, unique genetic code.
Genetic Variation
After living on a newly formed island by volcanic activity, there is very few plant life on the island to eat. What might organisms that have migrated there have to do for food?
Evolve to be able to get their necessary food from the ocean.
One basic way that scientists classify dinosaurs is based on whether they have solid or hollow bones. Humans have hollow bones. What might this suggest about dinosaurs with hollow bones?
Similar diet. (carnivorous)
How can humans have an effect on organism extinction?
over-hunting, increasing global temperature, etc.
Darwin came up with the Theory of _____________, which states how living and fossil organisms have evolved/changed/adapted on Earth since life originated.
Theory of Evolution