Patterns of Evolution
All life on earth can be classified into these three categories
What are domains?
This type of selection occurs when one extreme of a trait is favored, causing the population to shift toward that extreme.
What is directional selection?
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.
What is fitness?
A change in the DNA sequence that can introduce new genetic variation.
What is a mutation?
The first set of organisms that lived on Earth that are considered extremophiles
What are Archeabacteria?
An ancestral organism or population from which two or more species descended.
What is a common ancestor?
The name of the islands and the primary organism where Darwin studied and gathered his evidence on Natural Selection
What are The Galapagos Islands and the finch?
The movement of alleles between populations when organisms migrate and reproduce.
What is gene flow?
Two species have only two differences in their DNA sequences, while another pair has 25 differences. The first pair likely shares this.
What is a Common Ancestor?
Organisms can be classified into two categories in regard to the types of cells they are
What are prokaryotic & eukaryotic
The formation of new species following the geographic separation of populations.
What is allopatric speciation?
When bacteria with inherited resistance survive antibiotic treatment and reproduce, increasing the frequency of resistance in the population, this evolutionary process is occurring.
What is natural selection?
Random changes in allele frequencies that have a particularly strong effect on small populations.
What is genetic drift?
A way in which an organism can be genetically identified as being from a similar family tree that uses electricity to separate DNA fragments by size
What is Gel Electrophoresis
Unlike living cells, viruses are classified as nonliving because they lack cellular structures, cannot carry out metabolism independently, and require this to reproduce.
What is a host cell?
This theory explains how mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from free-living prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by larger ancestral cells and eventually formed a mutually beneficial relationship.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
When a species has so many adaptations that it no longer recognizes, either physically or behaviorally, the other organism so it no longer will reproduce with them.
What is speciation?
A few birds establish a new population on an isolated island. Their allele frequencies differ from those of the original population because the founding group was small.
What is the founder effect?
This type of evolutionary evidence involves comparing similarities in the early development of different organisms.
What is a embryology?
A branching diagram that scientists use to represent evolutionary relationships among organisms.
What is a phylogenetic tree?