SPECIES CONCEPTS
THIS SPECIES CONCEPT CLASSIFIES ORGANISMS BASED OFF SIMILARITY IN OBSERVABLE CHARACTERISTICS.
WHAT IS THE PHENETIC SPECIES CONCEPT?
REPRODUCTIVE BARRIERS THAT PREVENT MATING AND FERTILIZATION FROM HAPPENING IN THE FIRST PLACE
WHAT ARE PREZYGOTIC BARRIERS?
TYPE OF SPECIATION THAT OCCURS WHEN POPULATIONS ARE SEPARATED BY A GEOGRAPHIC BARRIER.
WHAT IS ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION?
TYPE OF SPECIATION THAT OCCURS WHEN POPULATIONS ADAPT TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS AND DIVERGENT SELECTION PRODUCES REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION.
WHAT IS ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION?
REPEATED EVOLUTION OF GREATER REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION BETWEEN POPULATIONS ADAPTING TO CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENTS IS EVIDENCE FOR ______.
WHAT IS PARALLEL SPECIATION?
THIS SPECIES CONCEPT FOCUSES ON A SPECIES AS A LINEAGE WITH ITS OWN EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY AND IDENTITY
WHAT IS THE EVOLUTIONARY SPECIES CONCEPT?
REPRODUCTIVE BARRIERS THAT OCCUR AFTER FERTILIZATION THAT CAN RESULT IN INVIABLE OFFSPRING
WHAT ARE POSTZYGOTIC BARRIERS?
TYPE OF SPECIATION WHERE DIFFERENT POPULATIONS ARE IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS, BUT EXPERIENCE POSSIBLE GENE FLOW BETWEEN THE TWO ENVIRONMENTS.
WHAT IS PARAPATRIC SPECIATION?
TYPE OF SPECIATION WHERE POPULATIONS GO THROUGH SIMILAR ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES BUT FIX BENEFICIAL MUTATIONS INDEPENDENTLY.
WHAT IS MUTATION-ORDER SPECIATION?
SCHLUTER GIVES THESE FISH AS AN EXAMPLE OF REPEATED ECOLOGICAL DIVERGENCE.
WHAT ARE THREESPINE STICKLEBACK?
THIS CONCEPT CATEGORIZES SPECIES AS THE SMALLEST DISTINCT GROUP IN A PHYLOGENETIC TREE
WHAT IS THE PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES CONCEPT?
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION TYPES WHERE TWO GROUPS MATE AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE YEAR
WHAT IS TEMPORAL ISOLATION?
TYPE OF SPECIATION WHERE POPULATIONS MOVE AWAY FROM ONE ANOTHER WHILE INHABITING THE SAME AREA IN A GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION.
WHAT IS SYMPATRIC SPECIATION?
UNDER ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION, NATURAL SELECTION FAVORS SPECIFIC ALLELES BECAUSE ORGANISMS ARE ADAPTING TO _______.
WHAT ARE ECOLOGICAL NICHES?
SCHLUTER LISTS DIFFERENCES IN COLOR, BEAK SIZE, AND BODY SIZE AS TRAITS THAT CAN ULTIMATELY LEAD TO THIS TYPE OF SPECIATION.
WHAT IS PREMATING REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION?
MAYR‘S SPECIES CONCEPT IDENTIFIES ORGANISMS AS PART OF A POPULATION THAT CAN INTERBREED BUT ARE ISOLATED REPRODUCTIVELY FROM DIFFERENT GROUPS.
WHAT IS THE BIOLOGICAL SPECIES CONCEPT?
TWO GROUPS OF ORGANISMS INHABIT DIFFERENT AREAS OR PREFER TO LIVE IN DIFFERENT AREAS, SO THEY RARELY MEET TO MATE.
WHAT IS HABITAT ISOLATION?
IN THE SOBEL ET AL. ARTICLE, THE ARTICLE SAYS THAT SPECIATION CAN HAPPEN FROM BOTH ADAPTATION TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS, WHICH MAKES IT HARD TO KNOW IF GEOGRAPHY CAUSED THIS.
WHAT IS REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION?
SCHLUTER STATES THAT MUTATION-ORDER SPECIATION IS RANDOM/STOCHASTIC, BUT IS DISTINGUISHED FROM THIS SPECIFIC EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS.
WHAT IS GENETIC DRIFT?
WHEN ORGANISMS EXPERIENCE REDUCED FITNESS IN ANOTHER ECOTYPE’S ENVIRONMENT, THIS PROVIDES EVIDENCE FOR THIS PHENOMENON.
WHAT IS IMMIGRANT INVIABILITY?
SCHLUTER EXPLAINED IN HIS WRITING THAT SPECIATION HAS BECOME A STUDY OF THIS CONCEPT THAT SEPARATES SPECIES, RATHER THAN LOOKING JUST AT APPEARANCE DIFFERENCES.
WHAT IS REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION?
HYBRIDS BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS HAVE TROUBLE SURVIVING BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT ACCUSTOMED TO EITHER ENVIRONMENT OF THE PARENTS.
WHAT IS EXTRINSIC POSTZYGOTIC ISOLATION?
TYPE OF ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION WHERE A SMALLER POPULATION MOVES AND BECOMES SEPARATED AT THE EDGE OF A SPECIES’ GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.
WHAT IS PERIPATRIC SPECIATION?
IN THE SCHLUTER ARTICLE, IT IS STATED THAT THE ABSENCE OF THIS CAN MAKE ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION EASIER, ALTHOUGH ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION CAN STILL OCCUR WITH THIS PRESENT.
WHAT IS GENE FLOW?
IN THE SCHLUTER ARTICLE, CLIMATE, HABITAT, DISEASE, AND FOOD ARE LISTED AS EXAMPLES OF THE FACTORS THAT CAN MAKE POPULATIONS DIVERGE.
WHAT ARE AGENTS OF DIVERGENT SELECTION?