The remains of an organism preserved in layers of compacted sediment
Fossils
100
Proteins are made up of...
Amino acids
100
The genetic code inside an organism's cells.
Genotype
100
What does it mean when a species goes extinct?
When no members of the species are alive
200
Which islands did Darwin travel to?
Galapagos Islands
200
Taming animals for human use
Domestication
200
Explain the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive allele.
A dominant allele always expresses the trait it codes for, whereas a recessive allele is overshadowed by a dominant one (if one is present).
200
The visible or expressed trait.
Phenotype
200
What is a mass extinction?
When many species go extinct at the same time
300
What type of animal did Darwin observe on his expedition?
Finches
300
The intentional breeding of species
Artificial selection
300
Explain the difference between heterozygous and homozygous.
Homozygous only has one type of allele, while heterozygous has two.
300
What is a fertilized egg called?
Zygote
300
Where an organism lives and breeds is referred to as its...
Habitat
400
What type of chart is used to show the evolutionary relationships between species?
Cladogram
400
A structure that once served an ancestral purpose but is useless today
Vestigial structure
400
Name two differences between mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis is one cell dividing to produce two daughter cells; meiosis is one cell dividing to produce four daughter cells. Mitosis occurs in normal somatic cells, and meiosis occurs in gametes.
400
Explain crossing-over.
The exchange of genetic material in chromosomes in meiosis.
400
What is an adaptive trait?
A heritable trait that enhances an individual's fitness; an evolutionary adaption
500
Explain how Darwin's observations of the finch's beaks lead to his discoveries about evolution.
He noticed that each finch's beak was shaped differently in order to help it eat, and concluded that this variety was the result of evolution
500
Explain the difference between homologous and analogous structures.
Homologous structures are from a common ancestor and therefore look the same but serve different purposes. Analogous structures do not share a common ancestor but have developed similar traits because of similar environmental challenges.
500
How many chromosomes are in a human somatic cell?
46
500
What is a sequence of three nucleotide bases in RNA that code for a specific amino acid?