Chapter 16
Adaptation
Consists of all the genes, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population.
Gene Pool
All members of a species have died, and the species has ceased to exist. The species is _____.
Extinct
This guy wrote "Origin of Species..." and came up with the Theory of Evolution and Natural Section (almost) on his own.
Charles Darwin
Process by which organisms with variations most suited to their local environment survive and leave more offspring.
Natural Selection
Process of change over time.
Evolution
A trait controlled by only one gene.
Single Gene Trait
This is the formation of a new species.
Speciation
This guy came up with the idea that events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the endless growth of human populations.
Species evolves at a slow, steady pace.
Gradualism
Body parts that are shared by related species that have been inherited from a common ancestor.
Homologous Structures
Occurs when two populations that are capable of interbreeding develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors.
Geographic Isolation
An event during which many types of living things suddenly die out.
Mass Extinction
This guy said that organisms could select traits in their lifetime and pass these on to their offspring. He got one part of it right, at least.
Lamarck
Occurs when a population splits into two groups and the two populations no longer interbreed.
Reproductive Isolation
Body parts that share a common function, but not structure.
Analogous Structures
After a forest fire, a deer population is reduced to 1/10 of its original number. By chance, the average deer that remain are larger than the average deer from the previous population. This change in a gene pool is known as what?
Bottleneck Effect
Normal extinction that occurs as part of natural selection.
Background Extinction
These guys came up with both the concept of "deep time", as well as uniformitarianism.
Hutton and Lyell
Occurs when two populations that are capable of interbreeding develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors.
Behavioral Isolation
The human tailbone is an example of this structure.
Vestigial
Happens when two or more species mate at different times.
Temporal Isolation
Species experience long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolutionary change.
Who was the scientist that helped Darwin decide he needed to release his findings?
Wallace
Principle that includes five conditions for genetic equilibrium.
Hardy-Weinberg