Natural Selection
Who wrote the theory of Natural Selection
Charles Darwin
How would you explain the genetic similarities between very different species? (Ex. Deer and whales)
They have a common ancestor.
What is the selective force in sexual selection?
The breeding partner who chooses their mate.
Is genetic drift random or planned?
Random.
What type of selection occurs between predator and prey populations?
Co-Evolution (think bean lab)
What is variation?
Difference in traits within a species.
In a family tree, why would the grandchildren have different traits than their grandparents?
"Marrying in"- When traits enter a family tree through breeding outside of the family.
AND
Recessive or "hidden" traits that were present in the family tree before the grandparents.
Does sexual selection work hand-in-hand with natural selection? How?
No, sometimes sexual selection perpetuates traits that are not beneficial to an individual's long term survival.
What is artificial selection?
When certain traits are chose for by breeding individuals within populations (controlled by humans!).
What was the selective agent in the story of the peppered moths?
The changing of the color of the birch tree trunks due to pollution.
What is an adaptation?
Favorable traits that. allow an organism to survive and reproduce in. their environment.
What are three features in all vertebrate species that show unity of pattern?
Genetic Code, Homologous structures (or similar structures), same process of embryonic development.
What are the tree types of Reproductive Isolation?
1. 2 Species cannot mate
2. 2 Species can mate physically, but their offspring does not survive.
3. Two species can mate and produce offspring, BUT their offspring cannot reproduce.
What are the two types of Genetic Drift?
Founder effect and population bottleneck.
Did humans evolve to have lighter skin or darker skin first? Why?
They evolved to have darker skin first because they mostly lived near the equator, where they were exposed to high levels of UV radiation.
What are the 6 bones that humans, dogs, birds, and whales share?
Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges.
What determines which individual is most fit?
How many of their offspring survive.
What type of speciation is occurring between the Monterey Ensatina and the Large Blotched Ensatina?
Sympatric speciation.
Which cricket mating strategy worked best in the Sneaky Cricket story? Is this the only mating strategy that would ever work for crickets?
The sneaky cricket's strategy was most successful in the story. this is not the only successful mating strategy because it cannot exist without other male crickets who sing.
Is Natural Selection planned or random?
Neither! Natural section is the result of interactions between a population and their ecosystem.
Humans share 96% of their DNA sequences with chimpanzees, 85% with mice, and 75% with chickens. Given this information, are the mice more related to chimpanzees or chickens?
Chimpanzees
What is sexual dimorphism?
The difference in physical characteristics between individuals with different reproductive roles in a species.
What mechanism of evolution is occurring within a Ring Species?
Allopatric speciation- this is when there is a pysical barrier that prevents interactions between two populations.
What types of evolution are occurring within the Ensatina populations in California?
Allopatric Speciation, sympatric speciation (where behavioral differences prevent interactions between populations), AND Natural Selection.