Mechanisms of Evolution
The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully, but reduces variation in the process.
What is natural selection?
The idea that only the most fit for the environment will survive and reproduce is commonly referred to as what?
What is “Survival of the fittest”?
What causes allele frequencies in a population to change? What are causes or mechanisms of evolution?
What is Mutations, Genetic drift, Gene flow, Recombination and non-random mating, and Natural Selection
the formation of a new species, occurs when populations become reproductively isolated and diverge, and when species can no longer breed in nature or have fertile offspring, they are no longer considered the same species
What is Speciation
no common ancestor; unrelated species develop similar features due to selective pressures (common function, not ancestor)
What is convergent evolution?
What is the the original source of all genetic variation, occurs in gametes, and If an inherited trait helps an organism survive and reproduce, it is an adaptation, and the phenotype will occur more frequently in the gene pool over time
What is a mutation?
This type of selection occurs when individuals with an average form of a trait have a higher fitness than those with extreme forms. Human Birth Weight is an example of this
What is stabilizing selection?
This is the process by which a trait becomes common in a population because it increases the organisms' chances of survival and reproduction.
What is adaptation?
occurs when a population can no longer breed with related species
What is Reproductive Isolation?
adaptive radiation; species with a common ancestor change to become increasingly different over time due to selective pressures
What is Divergent Evolution?
What mechanism of evolution causes a change in allele frequency due to chance events causing the new population is not representative of the original population?
What is Genetic Drift?
During the Industrial Revolution, darker-coloured peppered moths became more common than lighter-coloured moths, illustrating this type of selection.
What is directional selection?
physical appearance such as camouflage - resembles its surroundings; blends into environment to hid, is known as what type of adaptation?
What is a structural adaptation?
Organisms experience reproductive Isolation so as a result a new species evolves from an existing species while both live in the same area
What is sympatric speciation?
Can occur between species in beneficial ways such as mutualism, or Can occur between species that have competitive relationships such as predator-prey
What is Coevolution?
The transfer or exchange of genetic material (alleles) from one population to another through Interbreeding, Migration, and Dispersal
What is Gene Flow?
In some bird populations, individuals with either very large or very small beaks have higher fitness than those with medium-sized beaks, an example of this type of natural selection.
What is disruptive selection?
metabolism; such as efficient kidneys - kangaroo rat, Toxins and venom, are examples of what type of adaptation?
What is Physiological
The process where a new species evolves when a population of an ancestral species becomes geographically isolated from the main population by a physical barrier
What is allopatric speciation?
When selection and variation occur at a slow and steady pace and when selection and variation occur as sudden, abrupt, and rapid changes are known as what?
(must have both answers to get points)
What is Gradualism? and what is punctuated equilibrium?
Occurs in meiosis during crossing over and increases variation in gametes and also known as selective mating or sexual selection; it changes the allele frequencies in a population
This is a two part question. need two answers for full points
What is recombination and Non-random Mating
The only mechanism of evolution that has an adaptive advantage (leaves the population better fit)
What is Natural Selection
how an organism may act; example :Courtship rituals, mating songs, herding up, are examples of what type of adaptation?
What is a behavioral adaptation?
Prezygotic measures (before the formation of a zygote) such as Geographical barriers habitat, behavior etc. and Postzygotic (after the formation of a zygote) such as hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility, etc. are both mechanisms for what?
What is reproductive Isolating mechanisms?
Name the evidences of Common Ancestry (hint: there are 3)
What is the Fossil record, Biogeography, and Homologies?