Natural Selection
What is the term for the difference in DNA among individuals within a species?
Genetic Variation
Darwin noticed that finches on islands with many large nuts had this adaptation.
A large beak for crushing
What are two examples of fossils?
How does Gene flow affect genetic Variation
Increase
What is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce?
Adaptations
What are three resources individuals compete for on a biological level?
Food, Shelter/habitat, water
What was going on that lead to natural selection choosing the dark colored pepper moth to gain fitness over the light colored moth?
Pollution from the industrial revolution.
What do we call similar structures but different functions on organisms that can be evidence for a common ancestor?
Homologous structures
How does genetic drift affect Genetic variation?
Decrease
What are the five pieces of evidence for evolution
1. Fossils 2. Anatomy 3. Embryology 4. Biochemistry. 5. Geography
What is and advantage and disadvantage of overproduction of offspring?
Disadvantage: Increased Biologic competition
During meiosis what two processes occur to increase genetic variation and overtime leads to adaptations?
Crossing over and independent assortment
What evidence can be found when looking into a chicken's egg, a turtles egg and a rat fetus that indicate a common ancestor?
Comparative Embryology
If pollen from a white-flowered plant traveled via wind to pollenate a population of red-flowers what is this showing?
Gene Flow
Give two examples of vestigial structures and the defintion
Vestigial structure- a structure that helped a common ancestor but is no longer needed overtime.
ex. Appendix, tailbone, wisdom teeth, whale hind limbs, dewclaw, goosebumps.... etc.
What is required for natural selection to turn two groups into two different species?
Reproductive Isolation - can be Behavioral or Geographical
What scientist stated organisms acquire traits from use and disuse of traits during life.
Lamark
What is the most reliable piece of evidence we have for Evolution- and what are we comparing?
Biochemistry- Comparing DNA
When does Genetic Drift occur?
Genetic Drift is random chance- Natural disasters/ founding a new population
What are two ways scientists use fossils to give relative ages of species?
The further into the earth the older the fossil. Carbon dating
Natural selection on polygenic traits occurs in 3 different ways. Draw the graph for stabilizing selection and describe the type of trait/s it selects for
Stabilizing selection graph- Trends towards the middle. Will select the trait in the middle. No extremes selected for.
Natural selection only acts on these types of traits
Heritable - Must be passed down through genetics
What is the percentage of DNA shared between humans and chimpanzees
98-99%
What are the two types of Genetic drift and give an example of each
Bottleneck- Natural disaster (tornado, hurricane...)
Founder effect- Starting a new population
What is the technique called when dating species using biochemistry (DNA) ?
Molecular Clock