Theories of Evolution
This theory states that life came from nonliving material.
What is abiogenesis?
The process in which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully.
The process in which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully.
Structures that are similar because organisms share a common ancestor.
What are homologous structures?
Speciation caused by a physical barrier separating populations.
What is allopatric speciation?
The science of naming and grouping organisms.
What is taxonomy?
This theory states that living things come only from other living things.
Biogenesis
A random change in DNA that increases variation in a population.
Structures that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins.
What are analogous structures?
Speciation that occurs without a geographic barrier.
What is sympatric speciation?
The naming system using genus and species names.
What is binomial nomenclature?
This type of evolution occurs when two species evolve together because they interact closely.
What is coevolution?
This scientist developed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observations on the Galápagos Islands.
Who is Charles Darwin?
Small leftover structures that no longer serve a major purpose.
What are vestigial structures?
A reproductive barrier that prevents fertilization from occurring.
What is a prezygotic barrier?
The levels of classification in order.
What are Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species?
This experiment simulated early Earth conditions and produced amino acids.
What is the Miller and Urey experiment?
These are the four tenets of natural selection.
What are overproduction, variation, competition, and adaptation/survival of the fittest?
This type of evidence compares DNA and proteins between organisms.
What is molecular/comparative biology evidence?
The presence or absence of courtship behaviors prevents reproduction between species.
What is behavioral isolation?
A group on a cladogram that includes a common ancestor and all descendants.
What is a clade?
Put these steps of endosymbiosis in order:
1-> 3-> 2
1. Larger cell engulfed smaller cell
3. Cells formed a mutual relationship
2. Smaller cell became mitochondria/chloroplast
A population of birds develops larger beaks during a drought because only birds with large beaks can crack hard seeds.
What is directional selection?
This type of evidence studies where organisms live around the world to support evolution.
What is biogeography?
A horse and a donkey reproduce to create a mule, but the mule cannot have offspring.
What is hybrid sterility (a postzygotic barrier)?
The point on a cladogram where two branches split from a common ancestor.
What is a node?