Evolution
This involves genetic change in a population over time
What is Evolution?
The survival and reproduction of the organisms that are best suited to their environment
What is fitness?
Genetic mutations or gene shuffling
Where do variations and adaptations come from (originate)?
The hip bones of a dolphin and the tailbone of a human
What are Vestigial Structures?
The creation of a new species as a result of evolution
What is speciation?
The variety of dog and cat breeds that we have today are a product of _________ _____________.
What is Artificial Selection?
A variation in an organism that helps it survive
What is an adaptation?
Comparison of the bone structure in a dog’s forelimb, human arm, bat wing, and whale flipper
What are homologous structures?
The first type of organisms (living cells) that existed on Earth
What is a prokaryote/bacteria?
Charles Darwin
Who wrote the theory of Evolution?
The name of the islands where Darwin studied and gathered his evidence for the Theory of Evolution
What are The Galapagos Islands?
An organism matches its surroundings in order to hide from predators
What is Camouflage?
A fossil that has been dated or the age of the fossil is known
What is an index fossil?
A group of organisms that have similar traits and can reproduce (interbreed)
What is a species?
genetic differences between the individuals in a population; examples are different colors of fur in members of the same species
What is genetic variation?
Many thousands and millions of years
What is the amount of time that it takes for evolution to occur and result in new species?
An organism imitates another organism and protects it from predators
What is Mimicry adaptation?
The comparison of amino acid sequences for two organisms to determine how closely related they are
What is biochemical or genetic evidence of evolution?
The type of natural selection that favors an extreme phenotype over other phenotypes, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype.
What is directional selection?
the process by which individuals in a population survive, but some do not
What is natural selection?
Many offspring are born that can or will survive
What is overproduction, or the first step in the theory of evolution?
A species of frog is able to burrow down into the mud and hibernate when temperatures are too hot
What is an example of behavioral and physiological adaptation?
The study of embryos of different species going through similar stages of development
What is embryology?
The type of evolution that occurs when different species occupy similar ecological niches and adapt in similar ways in response to the environment
What is convergent evolution?