Early Photography
Who took the first photograph ever made using a heliograph process?
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
What photographic process did William Henry Fox Talbot invent?
Calotype
Who is known for photographing the American Civil War and has a famous portrait of Abraham Lincoln?
Mathew Brady
What material was used in the first photographic plates developed by Niépce?
Pewter coated with silver chloride
What is the meaning of “calotype”?
A photographic process creating a negative to produce multiple positives
What was the exposure time for Niépce’s first photograph?
Nearly 8 hours
What is the main advantage of the calotype process over the daguerreotype?
It created a negative from which multiple positive copies could be made.
What did Edward Muybridge pioneer in photography?
Photographic studies of motion using sequential shots
What was the main disadvantage of the daguerreotype process?
It produced only one copy and was expensive.
What year was the first daguerreotype image of a person taken?
Late 1838 or early 1839
What was the subject of Louis Daguerre’s first photograph showing a person?
A man getting his boots polished on Boulevard du Temple
What is the name of the photographic process patented by Hamilton Smith in 1856?
Tintype, also called ferrotype
What was the main question Edward Muybridge’s work sought to answer?
Whether all four hooves of a galloping horse leave the ground at the same time
What was the carte de visite camera used for?
Creating multiple small photos glued to cardboard, often traded between friends
What chemical mixture was used in wet plate collodion photography?
Collodion, made from nitrated cotton dissolved in ether and alcohol, along with other chemicals
What is a heliograph?
A chemical process using silver chloride on pewter to create an image by “writing with the sun.”
What is significant about the wet plate collodion process developed by Frederick Scott Archer?
It was cheaper than daguerreotypes and allowed unlimited reproductions, but it had to be done in complete darkness.
Who invented the dry plate process and helped make photography accessible with the Kodak camera?
George Eastman
Why was the wet plate collodion process challenging for photographers?
The image had to be taken and developed before the solution dried, requiring a darkroom nearby.
What is the significance of the photograph “View from the Window at Le Gras”?
It is considered the first real photograph ever made.
Which two inventors worked together before one continued the development of the daguerreotype process?
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce and Louis Daguerre
What innovation did the dry plate process introduced in 1879 bring to photography?
Plates could be prepared beforehand and developed later, allowing faster shutter speeds.
What was the name of the affordable and easy-to-use camera introduced by Eastman Kodak Co.?
Brownie
ow did the dry plate process improve shutter speeds?
It was more sensitive to light, allowing faster exposures.
Which photographer published the book The Pencil of Nature?
William Henry Fox Talbot