DNA -> Protein -> Trait
This molecule stores genetic information.
What is DNA?
Natural Selection requires this in a population.
What is genetic variation?
Leptin is a hormone that helps regulate this.
What is hunger?
Scientists compare these to determine evolutionary relationships at the molecular level.
What are amino acid sequences?
Lactase persistence allows adults to digest this sugar.
What is lactose?
These are the building blocks of DNA.
What are Amino Acids?
This term describes an environmental factor that affects survival.
What is selective pressure?
Leptin is produced primarily by this type of tissue.
What is fat tissue?
Two species share 98% of their DNA. This suggests this.
What is common ancestry?
The lactase mutation affects this process.
What is gene expression?
A mutation most directly affects a trait when it changes this.
What is the structure (shape) of a protein?
Evolution occurs at this biological level.
What is the population level?
In leptin resistance, leptin levels are often high, but the brain does not respond properly. This shows a problem with this.
What is cell communication?
If species A and B share more amino acid similarities than species A and C, A is more closely related to this species.
What is species B?
Lactase persistence became common because it provided this advantage.
What is better access to nutrients from dairy?
Put these in correct cause-and-effect order: Trait, DNA, Protein, Amino Acid
What is DNA -> Amino Acids -> Protein -> Trait?
If an environment changes suddenly, populations with more variation are more likely to do this.
What is survive and adapt?
Leptin resistance demonstrates this biology concept: a change in protein function leads to a change in body systems.
What is structure and function (or cause and effect)?
Why are molecular comparisons stronger evidence than behavior comparisons?
What is DNA reflects inherited relationships?
This process increased the frequency of lactase persistence in dairy-farming populations.
What is natural selection?
Explain why structure and function are related in proteins.
What is protein shape determines how it functions?
Explain why a harmful allele might remain in a population.
What is it may provide an advantage in certain environments?
Explain how a mutation affecting a leptin receptor could lead to increased body weight using cause-and-effect reasoning.
What is a mutation changes receptor structure → signal is not received → hunger is not suppressed → increased food intake → weight gain?
Explain how similar protein sequences provide evidence for evolution.
What is similar sequences suggest inheritance from a common ancestor?
Explain how environment + mutation + survival led to increased lactase persistence.
What is dairy farming created selective pressure, individuals with the mutation survived and reproduced more, increasing allele frequency?