evo 1
define: In a group of male lion siblings, one dominant male regularly chases his weaker brothers away from prime hunting territories. By doing so, he gets more access to food resources and is more likely to reproduce, while his weaker brothers must fend for themselves in less productive areas
selfishness
Ash trees along the Colorado Front Range are being attacked by the invasive insect, the Emerald Ash Borer. Imagine you are working with the Forest Service. You have identified a gene in ash trees that may provide increased resistance to the insect. You sample ash trees along the front and collect the following data:
Observed: freq(FF) 0.62, freq(Ff) 0.12, freq(ff) 0.26, f(F) 0.68, f(f) 0.32
Use the Hardy-Weinberg equations to determine what the expected genotype frequencies are for this population.
f(FF)exp = 0.46; f(Ff)exp = 0.44; f(ff)exp = 0.10
A population of darter fish occurs in an isolated mountain pond. You would like to determine the level of inbreeding in this population. You measure allele frequencies at the glissodryden locus. This locus has two alleles: L and S. You determine that the frequency of the L-allele is 0.20. If you observe that the frequency of LS heterozygotes is 0.16 in this population, what is the inbreeding coefficient (F)?
0.50
A research group is studying whether the very large thorns of Acacia etbaica trees are an adaptation to deter herbivory from impalas. To test this adaptive hypothesis, they cut off the thorns from A. etbaica and attached them to the branches of a small-thorned species, Acacia brevispica. The team collected their data on the change in herbivory by impala. Which data set below would support the hypothesis that the presence of large thorns deters herbivory?
[A. brevispica] Unmanipulated - High (normal), Thorns added - Reduced [A. etbaica] Unmanipulated - Low (normal), Thorns removed - Increased
define: A female burrowing owl regurgitates a portion of her meal she collected during her hunt to feed her sisters in her roost who were unable to find a meal. By doing so, she ensures that her unfed sisters survive, even though she sacrifices her own nutrition.
altruism
Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and what does this mean about the candidate gene?
No, this population IS NOT in HWE so the gene IS evolving
What is a reasonable interpretation about the level of inbreeding in this population of darter fish based on your results?
The population deviates from Hardy-Winberg expectations due to inbreeding.
What critical requirement for experimental studies do the unmanipulated branches represent?
Control groups
In cuttlefish, females reject 75% of the males that try to mate with them. One hypothesis is that females are selecting to mate with males who have a particular color display using their chromatop
Chromatophore displays in the males & female preference for chromatophore displays
Which of the following would be a reasonable claim based on your results?
Assortative mating may be favored by selection in this population, thus driving an increase in homozygotes.
define: The trait evolved under different functional conditions and has now been co-opted for a new function.
Evolutionary Artifact (Exaptation)
define: The trait is detrimental to the organism in one respect, but has a greater benefit to the organism overall.
Fitness Trade-off