Evidence
Vocabulary
Descent with Modification
Darwin
Natural Selection
100
which layer contains fossils of the most recently evolved organism?
1
100
In science, a “theory”
a. is the best possible explanation based on evidence
b. is not a scientific fact.
c. is based on opinions.
d. is an assumption.
a. is the best possible explanation based on evidence
100
Our present – day horse is much larger than its ancestors. Which statement below would help to explain this change based on Darwin’s reasoning?
a. early horses had to run fast to escape enemies, thus they developed large muscles and long legs and these traits they developed were passed down to the offspring
b. large horses survive, small ones died, thus leaving only the large horses to pass on their genes
c. early horses had to stretch for food on the trees, thus they developed longer legs and necks
b. large horses survive, small ones died, thus leaving only the large horses to pass on their genes
100
In Darwin’s view of descent with modification. . .
a. an organism’s traits only affect its own survival
b. natural selection can improve the match between an organism and its environment
c. individuals can evolve
d. environmental changes have no effect on the organisms living in that environment
e. natural selection only operates when an organism needs to evolve
b. natural selection can improve the match between an organism and its environment
100
Which of these BEST illustrates natural selection?
a. An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.
b. A population uses all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.
c. A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes.
d. The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.
a. An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.
200
The occurrence of the same blood protein in a group of species provides evidence
that these species
a. evolved in the same habitat
b. evolved in different habitats
c. descended from a common ancestor
d. descended from different ancestors
c. descended from a common ancestor
200
A cladogram is used to show
a. natural selection
b. artificial selection
c. descent with modification
c. descent with modification
200
In the figure above, which organisms share the trait of hair?
a. Amphibians and Reptiles
b. Amphibians and Marsupials
c. Amphibians and Dogs
d. Dogs and Marsupials
d. Dogs and Marsupials
200
Darwin noticed that all species tended to produce more offspring than could
a. migrate
b. survive
c. evolve
d. fly
b. survive
200
Dairy cow breeders select mother cows that produce large amounts of milk and breed them
to produce more offspring. This BEST illustrates
a. artificial selection
b. survival of the fittest
c. speciation
d. natural selection
a. artificial selection
300
Which of the following are examples of fossils?
a. shells or old bones
b. mineralized wood
c. footprints
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
300
Which idea DOES support descent with modification?
a. giraffes needed their necks to grow longer, so they did.
b. through random mutations in a horse-like organism, giraffes were developed with slightly longer necks (this is awkward, but the idea comes across).
c. over time, each generation of giraffe had individuals with slightly longer necks than others. Those differences were inherited, causing a change in neck length.
a. giraffes needed their necks to grow longer, so they did.
300
Which organisms share a more recent common ancestor?
a. Dogs and Amphibians
b. Cats and Reptiles
c. Reptiles and Amphibians
d. Amphibians and Marsupials
c. Reptiles and Amphibians
300
Darwin noticed that all species tended to produce more offspring than could survive because
a. organisms compete for resources in their environment
b. not all organisms can become isolated.
c. migration is always occurring in populations.
d. only a few species have evolved over time
a. organisms compete for resources in their environment
300
Dairy cow breeders select mother cows that produce large amounts of milk and breed them to produce more offspring. This BEST illustrates artificial selection because
a. some dairy cows produce more milk, allowing their offspring to inherit the trait
b. dairy cows will form a new species
c. the cows who get the most milk will survive better than those with less milk
d. humans selected which cows survived to reproduce
d. humans selected which cows survived to reproduce
400
Mutations within a DNA sequence
a. produce genetic diversity.
b. always affect the phenotype.
c. never affect the phenotype.
d. are always harmful to genetic diversity.
a. produce genetic diversity.
400
26. Sexual reproduction is a significant factor in evolution. This is true because it provides for
a. the same genes always being passed down to offspring
b. no new traits to show up in offspring
c. changes in how DNA replicates itself
d. many variations in offspring
d. many variations in offspring
400
According to the figure above you can conclude that
a. Barnacles evolved from limpets
b. Barnacles evolved from crabs
c. Barnacles and limpets had a common
ancestor
c. Barnacles and limpets had a common
ancestor
400
In an evolutionary sense, an individual organism has high fitness if it
a. has a large number of acquired traits
b. can run long distances without becoming exhausted
c. reproduces more successfully than other individuals
d. evolves into another organism rather than becoming extinct
c. reproduces more successfully than other individuals
400
For organisms to evolve by natural selection they would need
a. genetic variation
b. inheritance and selection
c. time
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
500
Evidence of the process of evolution include
a. fossils
b. similarities in embryology
c. similarities in DNA and proteins
d. homologous structures
e. all of the above are considered evidence
e. all of the above are considered evidence
500
When organisms are isolated from each other by barriers such as canyons, rivers or even highways, the organisms on the two sides of the barrier may evolve into two different species. If that were to happen it would most likely be because of:
a. higher mutation rates within one population on one side of the barrier.
b. low genetic diversity in the initial population.
c. the isolation of the two groups from each other.
d. differences in reproductive rates.
c. the isolation of the two groups from each other.
500
According to the figure above, what two characteristics do crabs and barnacles share that
limpets do not?
a. free-swimming larvae, segmentation
b. segmentation, molted skeleton
c. molted skeleton, free-swimming larvae
b. segmentation, molted skeleton
500
Darwin conducted much of his research on
a. the South American Islands
b. Alcatraz Island
c. the Hawaiian Islands
d. the Galapagos Islands
d. the Galapagos Islands
500
In what way does the human population influence evolution?
a. Human development changes the habitats of many species, influencing natural selection on those species.
b. Use of antibiotics by humans has selected for antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations.
c. Humans are responsible for many breeds of dogs today.
d. All of the above
d. All of the above