History of Evolution
Who is most responsible for our modern idea of evolution?
Which of the following is most likely an example of natural selection?
a) the speed of a racing greyhound
b) the long fur of a Persian cat
c) crops modified to be pest-resistant
d) antibiotic-resistant bacteria
d) antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Which source of evidence is evolution is used to establish genetic relationships between organisms?
DNA
Randomly introduces new alleles into a population
Mutation
Two populations of the same species grow distant from one another. At what point will these two populations become different species?
a) when they are no longer able to interbreed
b) when there is a physical barrier between them
c) When the populations begin to eat different foods
a) when they are no longer able to interbreed
Which statement aligns best with Lamarck's view of evolution?
a) A giraffe stretches its neck to browse higher trees, over time this giraffe will have a longer neck and the offspring of this giraffe will have long necks.
b) Giraffes with long necks will be more likely to reproduce, passing on their genes.
a) A giraffe stretches its neck to browse higher trees, over time this giraffe will have a longer neck and the offspring of this giraffe will have long necks.
What is an end product of natural selection?
a) mutation
b) adaptation
c) monoculture
d) artificial selection
b) Adaptation
How do vestigial structures provide evidence for evolution?
a) they show direction change
b) they show shared ancestry
c) they show how new structures evolve
b) they show shared ancestry
Individuals in a population select mates, often on the basis of their phenotypes
Non-random mating
Two animals mate at different times of the year. Which type of reproductive isolating mechanism is this?
Temporal
What did Darwin study to help develop his theory of evolution?
Finches
Which best describes natural selection?
a) biological change through time in a population
b) the process by which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully
c) a principle by which periodic local disasters eliminate species in an area
b) the process by which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully
What is evolution?
a) Populations vary in their traits
b) Organisms produce more offspring than can survive
c) genetic changes in characteristics of species over time
c) genetic changes in characteristics of species over time
Random change in genetic variation from generation to generation due to chance
Genetic drift
Which is likely to be a pre-zygotic isolating mechanism in grasshoppers?
a) number of wings
b) mating call
c) thorax length
d) head shape
b) mating call
Who published the book On the Origin of Species?
Charles Darwin
Arctic fox live in the far North. What adaptation is exhibited by their white-coloured fur?
a) camouflage
b) mimicry
c) chemical defence
a) camouflage
The study of the past and present geographical distribution of species populations is known as ______.
Biogeography
Gene flow
In a population of birds, the survival rate for large beaked and small beaked birds is greater than it is for birds with intermediate beaks. Which type of selection is this?
a) stabilizing selection
b) intermediate selection
c) disruptive selection
c) disruptive selection
Which French naturalist is credited with the development of palaeontology?
George Cuvier
Natural selection acts upon which of the following traits?
a) an ecosystem
b) the genes of heritable traits
c) an ecological niche
d) an individual
b) the genes of heritable traits
The study of early, pre-birth stages of an organisms development is known as ______.
Embryology
Result of the environment selecting for individuals in a population with certain traits that make them better suited to survive and reproduce than others in population
Natural selection
In which theory of speciation does a new species emerge from within the geographic range of its ancestors?
Sympatric or allopatric
Sympatric
True or False:
Cuvier believed that species became extinct when the Earth experienced a revolution.
True.
A revolution was a natural disaster so violent that it killed numerous species.
Name the process that leads to adaptations in populations.
Mutations
Sedimentary rock with fossils provides a _________ record.
Fossil
A human population has an unusually high percentage of individuals with a particular genetic disease. The most likely explanation for this is?
Genetic drift
Sometimes two species can mate and produce a hybrid offspring. If this offspring is unable to reproduce what type of post-zygotic isolating mechanism has taken place?
hybrid sterility