Mutation
True or False: Mutations are random
True
does gene flow occur by chance
yes
What are the two types of genetic drift?
Bottleneck Effect and the Founder Effect
Is natural selection random? Why?
No because...
What is the source of all new alleles?
Mutation
True or False: Mutations are always harmful.
False
What is gene flow?
Gene flow is the movement of alleles from one population to another, through migration.
What is genetic drift?
True or False: Natural selection causes individuals to evolve.
False, natural selection causes individuals to have different alleles, but allele frequencies changing in a population over time constitutes evolution.
A natural disaster or other event reduces the size of a population, leaving survivors with different allele frequencies than the original population. What is this an example of?
The bottleneck effect.
Define mutation
A change in DNA sequence that results in new alleles.
Does gene flow result in more or less genetic diversity?
More genetic diversity
A small group of individuals breaks off from a larger population to establish a new population, with different allele frequencies than the original population. What is this called?
The founder effect
Describe natural selection
natural selection is a mechanism of evolution, and organisms that are better equipped to survive their environment will pass down those traits.
A population of squirrels live on the North side of a canyon. One male and one female squirrel climb across a tree to the other side of the canyon. The tree then falls and the squirrels start a new population on the other side of the canyon. What is this an example of?
The founders effect.
What are three different types of mutations?
Substitution, Insertion, Deletion
Others: Frameshift, Point
Provide an example of gene flow.
*could be multiple correct answers*
Are large or small populations more susceptible to genetic drift?
small populations
What does fitness mean in regards to natural selection?
Reproductive success
What was the term used for the Stenotrophomonas bacteria once it became resistant to all antibodies?
Pan-resistant
What type of mutation occurred between two examples?
AUGCCAUCGCAAUAG
AUGCCAUAGCAAUAG
Substitution
Give an example of gene flow in animals
Birds migrating to other islands and reproducing.
Does genetic drift lead to more or less genetic diversity and why?
Less genetic diversity because only a subset of the alleles from the population are apparent in the next generation
The idea that organisms best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce is often summarized by this phrase.
Survival of the fittest
Connect microbial resistance to natural selection.
*multiple answers*