Natural Selection
Evidence of Evolution
Classification of Evolution
Speciation
Science Fun Facts
100
Define natural selection
Process by which organisms in nature with variations most suited to their local environment survive and leave more offspring
100
The hip bones of a dolphin and the tailbone of a human are examples of...
Vestigial structures
100
What is the difference between phylogenetic trees and cladograms?
Phylogenetic trees show common ancestry between species, cladograms show shared characteristics and traits between species.
100
What are 2 types of isolation that can lead to speciation?
Reproductive, geographic, temporal, behavioral
100
A red blood cell can make a complete circuit of your body in about _____ seconds.
60 seconds, (20-30 during vigorous exercise)
200
What are the 4 principles of evolution?
Adaptation, overproduction of offspring, selection/fitness, variation
200
An example of a structure that is homologous to a cat’s paw.
Dog’s paw, human arm, bat wing, whale flipper
200
Which is most closely related to amphibians based on this image?
Mammals
200
What is a sign that a species has undergone genetic divergence?
They are reproductively isolated
200
An average person will spend _____ years asleep over the course of their lifetime.
25-26
300
A genotype and phenotype is....
The genetic makeup of traits and the physical makeup of traits.
300
Body parts that share a common function but have a different structure are considered what?
Analogous structures
300
Rose is least closely related to...
Moss
300
A horse and a donkey can have a mule as their offspring. However, the mule cannot have offspring themselves. Are the horse and the donkey members of the same species?
No, their offspring (mule) is not fertile
300
In your lifetime, you'll shed over _____ pounds of skin.
100
400
2 lionesses live in the same pride. One has had 3 litters of cubs, and only 2 cubs have survived past infancy. The other lioness has had only 1 litter of cubs and all 3 cubs survived past infancy. Which lioness has a higher fitness and why?
The 2nd lioness because more of her cubs have survived.
400
Having similarities in structure is evidence that animals...
Share a common ancestor
400
Which species diverged first, the giant panda or the raccoon?
Raccoon
400
Two species of fireflies come out between 9-11 PM. Each species has a unique pattern of flashes that attracts a mate. Which type of isolation is this an example of?
Behavioral
400
What do you think is the length of all your blood vessels stretched out and laid end-to-end?
60,000 miles
500
What are the necessary conditions, such as variation and heritable traits, for natural selection to occur? And can natural selection create new physical traits, or does it only act on existing variations?
For natural selection to occur, there must be heritable variation within a population, along with differential survival and reproduction where some variants are better suited to their environment. Natural selection does not create new traits; instead, it acts on existing heritable traits.
500
How does biogeography, particularly island biogeography, provide evidence of evolution?
It shows that related species are often found in geographic proximity, while isolated areas like oceanic islands develop unique species that differ from their mainland relatives
500
Which trait do primates not have?
Egg shells
500
Two species of foxes mate in different seasons. This is an example of which type of isolation?
Temporal
500
The lowest temperature recorded on Earth was _____ °F, in Antarctica in 1983.
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