Patterns of Evolution
Natural Selection & Microevolution
Selective Pressure
Evidence of Evolution
Cladograms
100
When an organism disappears from Earth.
What is Extinction?
100
Process by which evolution occurs where nature selects the best traits for an environment.
What is Natural Selection
100
This is a type of graph that shows a range of possibilities and will show what is the average and what are rare cases.
What is a Bell Curve?
100
The preserved remains of ancient plants and animals that used to inhabit the Earth.
What are Fossils?
100
If an organism is above the characteristics/trait provided on a cladogram, what does that mean for the organism?
The organism has the trait
200
When a new organism arises from an already existing species because of some type of isolation (hint: Behavioral, Temporal, & Geographic).
What is Speciation
200
What an organism is referred to having when they can live longer in their environment and reproduce due to having favorable adaptations.
What is higher fitness?
200
Individuals of one extreme of a phenotype have the advantage over others
What is Directional Selection
200
Structures that are similar in anatomy but differ in functionality.
What is Homologous Structures?
200
If an organism is below the characteristic/trait provided on a cladogram, what does that mean for the organism?
It means that the organism does not have the trait.
300
When two unrelated organisms evolve similar characteristics because they evolved in the same environment.
What is Convergent Evolution
300
When a freak accident wipes out a large part of the population and causes a major lose in genetic diversity.
What is the Bottleneck effect?
300
Individuals with an intermediate value of an inherited phenotype have the advantage
What is Stabilizing Selection
300
Structures that used to have beneficial qualities but now serve no apparent purpose.
What is Vestigial Structures?
300
According to the diagram, which organisms would have the trait of retractable claws and who would not have the trait for retractable claws?
Yes: Leopard & House cat
No: Wolf, Horse, and Tortoise
400
When multiple species evolve from one common ancestor.
What is Divergent Evolution
400
When a trait has no real advantage besides helping the organism attract a mate.
What is Sexual Selection
400
Individuals of either extreme of an inherited phenotype have the advantage over the intermediate forms
What is Disruptive Selection
400
Below are amino acid sequences for a portion of the hemoglobin protein from four different animals:
Chimpanzee: Val - His - Leu - Thr - Pro - Glu - Glu
Orangutan: Val - His - Leu - Thr - Pro - Glu - Glu
Gibbon: Val - His - Leu - Thr - Asp - Glu - His
Turtle: Val - His - Ile - Thr - Pro - Asp - Asp
Based on these sequences, which two animals appear to be most closely related?
Orangutan & Chimpanzee
400
According to the following diagram, which organisms would have the trait of having amniotic eggs?
Human, Hair, Caiman, Parrot, & T. Rex
500
This is where two species evolve in tandem with each other due to a cause and effect relationship with one another
What is Coevolution
500
This is the ultimate source of genetic variation and it can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral.
What is Genetic Mutation?
500
In a population of tree frogs living in a dense forest, some frogs are born with slightly longer tongues than others. These frogs have an advantage when hunting insects in the tall trees compared to the average tongue length, and thus survive and reproduce more successfully. Over time, what type of selection would most likely lead to an increase in the frequency of frogs with longer tongues in this population?
What is Directional Selection
500
The diagram above shows the embryological development for a set of species. By looking at the diagram what animal family shows many similarities in early development? Then, what conclusion can be drawn about this in regard to evolution.
Mammals and this diagram shows that mammals must share a common ancestor.
500
According to the cladogram, which of the following organisms would share a most recent common ancestor?
- Shark & Frog
- Caiman & T. Rex
- Human & Hare
Human & Hare