Big Idea
What term explains how populations change over time?
Evolution
He’s called the father of evolution and came up with the theory of natural selection. Who is he?
Charles Darwin
_______ are trace remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock.
Fossils
Speciation is the formation of new species as a result of evolution. What are the 3 steps in this process?
Separation
(2) Adaptation
(3) Division
What are the six evidences of evolution?
Direct Observation
Fossils
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Vestigial Structures
DNA
What is the term for a change in behavior or physical trait that helps an organism survive in its environment?
Adaptation
What is the name of the group of islands Darwin sailed to on his quest to study nature?
Galapagos Islands
What are two things scientists can look at when comparing species to see if they share a common ancestor?
Similar DNA
(2) Similar Traits
A historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers of the Earth’s crust.
Fossil Record
What are the 5 ways a fossil can form?
1. petrified fossils, 2. molds and casts, 3. carbon films, 4. trace fossils, 5. preserved remains
A group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring is called a_____.
Species
Charles Darwin sailed around the earth for five years on a ship called the _____________.
HMS Beagle
A ______ can be passed from parent to offspring through genes.
Trait
Traits that humans select for are called what?
Desired traits.
Scientists are observing the genetic makeup of two organisms by looking at their DNA. The DNA is very similar. What might they conclude about these organisms?
They may share a common ancestor.
What do you call a group of individuals of the same species?
Population
Charles Darwin did not understand the role _________ played in evolution when he was developing his theory?
Genetics / Genes
Organisms who reproduce sexually have offspring that are not identical. The difference in the offspring’s traits is called _______ _______.
Variation
Inheritable Differences
Humans are involved in the process of selecting.
Artificial selection
In every population and species there are 4 limiting factors. They are: (1)_________, (2)_________, (3)_________, and (4)_________.
Starvation
(2) Disease
(3) Competition
(4) Predation
Organisms with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive. This is called________ ________.
Natural Selection
Darwin’s theory of natural selection had 4 elements. They are (1)________, (2)_______ ______, (3)______ __ _______, and (4)_______ ________?
Overproduction
(2) Variation/
Inheritable Differences
(3) Competition
(4) Selection
A ________ in the DNA can be a source of new traits in an organism. Examples of this are an insertion, deletion, and substitution.
Mutation
If all of a food source suddenly becomes unavailable to a population, would they survive or die off?
Likely die off.
What trait of the finches did Charles Darwin study?
What did he conclude was the reason for the differences in this trait?
He studied their beaks
2. He concluded that differences in their food source caused them to evolve differently over generations