History & Theory
This English naturalist developed his theory of evolution by observing finches and tortoises
Charles Darwin
Extinct life similar to modern life and transitional species have bot been observed by looking at this
fossils
For selection to happen, there must be variation within a population, caused by this
mutation
The morphological species concepts separates organisms by this
physical appearance
Not to be confused with a place to swim, this term describes the total genetic information available in a population
gene pool
Darwin realized new species come from old species when he was on these islands
Galapagos Islands
What about mammalian limbs makes them a homologous structure
bone arrangement
The ability to survive and reproduce, measured by number of offspring
fitness
Under this philosophy, two organisms are only considered the same species when they can reproduce with one another to make fertile offspring
biological species concept
Two or more species evolve to adapt to each other, like predator/prey or mutualistic symbiosis
coevolution
Before Darwin or Wallace, this naturalist thought that individuals could evolve and pass those changes to their offspring
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
This field of study compares early developmental stages among various groups of animals
embryology
Peacocks, lions, birds-of-paradise, and many other organisms show this type of selection, where mate preference and competition influence reproduction
sexual selection
Mating dances, courtship rituals, and bird songs are all examples of this type of isolation
behavioral isolation
When two organisms that are not closely related evolve in similar ways due to similar environmental demands, it is this kind of evolution
convergent evolution
Alfred Russel Wallace used this three-word concept to help form his ideas about natural selection
Struggle for Existence
Features that have similar functions, but are not due to shared ancestry are this kind of structure
analogous structures
In this type of selection, one extreme version of a trait is most favorable to fitness
directional selection
This type of isolation occurs when a population is split up physically, in ways often visible on a map
geographic isolation
When two organisms that are closely related become very different from one another, it is this kind of evolution
divergent evolution
Darwin sailed to the islands on a boat called this
H.M.S. Beagle
A physical feature that is no longer necessary, but is a remnant of ancestors
vestigial structure
When intermediate traits are less successful than either version of the extreme, this kind of selection is happening
disruptive selection
Temporal isolation occurs when a population is reproductively isolated by this
time
When allele/genotype frequencies all remain constant over generations, evolution is not happening, and the population is in this state
genetic equilibrium