Natural Selection part 1
What is the term for different organisms having different traits?
Variation
Who developed the idea of natural selection
Charles Darwin
How do fossils give us evidence to support evolution?
By showing us morphological similarities of organisms throughout time.
This type of diagram shows evolutionary relationships
Phylogeny Tree/Phylogeny
Individuals/populations evolve?
Both
Populations.
What is the source of variation within populations
DNA Mutations
Definition of a species
A group of organisms that can reproduce and create fertile offspring
When we analyze biochemistry evidence, what are we looking at?
- If two species have more of this in common are they more/less likely to be closely related?
DNA + Proteins
More closely related
A series of Y/N questions that separate out species
Dichotomous key
Verbal or written: A human and a whale go through similar development until about 10 weeks before birth. What does this say about their evolutionary relationship?
They are relatively close
The term for when a group is separated by a physical component - Give and example
Geographic Isolation - new river, islands, highways
VERBAL ANSWER. There is a field of purple flowers that are the habitat of a unique purple mouse (P. mus). 90% of the mice are purple. A big drought comes and kills all the flowers. When scientists come back 200 years later, 45% of the mice are gray and the other 65% are brown. What happened?
Verbal Answer
What are we examining when we look at and compare the development of newly forming offspring.
Embyos/Embryology.
What is the term for how we name species?
How do we write it?
Binomial Nomenclature
Genus species
Birds migrating in the winter, bears hibernating, and orcas hunting in pods are all examples of what type of adaptation.
Behavioral adaptations.
How does the environment cause changes in populations?
Little Johnny has a cold, and his mom demands antibiotics from his doctor. Years later, Little Johnny has a bad case of pneumonia that would have been treated by the same antibiotic he was given for the cold. The antibiotic doesn't work. Johnny gets sicker and dies. What is the term for what role the antibiotic played in this scenario. RIP Johnny.
Evidence for evolution that is looking back on how humans affected the traits of species is called...
Artificial Selection.
Give 2 characteristics for each of the following kingdoms (must include Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic:
-Plantae, Eubacteria, Protista
Plantae - eukaryotes, autotrophs
Eubacteria - Prokaryotes, asexual reproduction, unicellular
Protista - Eukaryotic, aquatic environments, can be auto or heterotroph
Genes coding for traits that give an organism a better chance for survival are called what? In the future are they likely to be more/less common?
Adaptations, MORE common.
What are the three different type of structures that give us evidence for evolution, and define each one (don't have to write the definition).
Homologous - similar structure but different function (usually more closely related).
Analogous - similar structures from distantly related species that are serving similar functions (fins and tails of sharks, wings).
Vestigial - Remnants of once useful structures (snake pelvis, human wisdom teeth, tail bone and goose bumps).
What are the three factors/steps required for Natural selection to happen (in order).
1. Variation
2. Competition
3. Survival of the fittest
VERBAL - HAS TO BE PICKED LAST IN THIS CATEGORY
Give an example of each piece of evidence for evolution:
- Fossils, Anatomy and Embryology, Biochemistry, and Artificial selection.
Answers will vary - teacher checks.
Give 2 characteristics of each of these 3 kingdoms - Must include prokaryote/eukaryote,
- Animalia, Archaebacteria, Fungi
Animalia - eukaryotic, heterotroph, multicellular
Archaebacteria - prokaryotic, unicellular, extreme environments
Fungi - Eukaryotic, heterotrophs, multi or single celled, often decomposers.
A species gradually undergoing the change to have less offspring is what type of adaptation
Reproductive.