1) Change in a kind of organism over time
2) Process by which modern organisms have descended from an ancient organism
3) Change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population
100
Scientists who specialize in the study of fossils are called
________
paleontologists
100
What types of evidence did Darwin use to support his theory of change over time?
The fossil record, the geographical distribution of living species, homologous structures of living organisms, and similarities in early development (or embryology)
100
Who proposed that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone?
Thomas Malthus
200
The ability of an individual organism to survive and reproduce in its natural environment is called _______
Fitness
200
What are the two characteristics of an index fossil?
1) lived in a wide geographic range
2) existed for a short period
200
human arms, bat wings, whale flippers, and cat legs are examples of __________
Homologous Body Structure
200
What are three Lamarck’s hypotheses influenced Darwin's thinking?
1) All organisms have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection
2) Organisms could alter the size or shape of particular organs by using their bodies in new ways
3) Acquired characteristics could be inherited
When two populations are separated by differences in courtship rituals or other reproductive strategies, the situation is called ___________
behavioral isolation
400
What is the phylum that includes shark’s teeth?
Chordata
400
In a population of rabbits, the middle-sized and largest lizards are more easily preyed upon than smallest rabbits. What kind of natural selection is most likely to occur in this situation?
directional selection
400
The Mesozic era is also called the _______
Age of Dinosaurs
500
List three important concepts in Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?
1) struggle for existence
2) survival of the fittest
3) descent with modification
500
Why Potassium-40 is useful for dating very old fossils?
It has a very long half-life (1.26 billions years)
500
Give three strategies for delaying evolution of antibiotic resistance.
1) Don't use antibiotics to treat viral infections.
2) Avoid mild doses of antibiotics over long time periods.
3) When treating a bacterial infection with antibiotics, take all your pills.
4) Use a combination of drugs to treat a bacterial infection.
5) Reduce or eliminate the "preventive" use of antibiotics on livestock and crops.
500
What is Biomagnifications?
the increase in concentration of a substance, such as the pesticide DDT, that occurs in a food chain