The selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring.
What is artificial selection.
100
Name two of the three sources of genetic variation.
Mutations, recombination, lateral gene transfer.
100
What two ways allow us to date events in earth's history?
Relative dating and radiometric dating
100
Change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
What is evolution.
200
What Darwin initial planned to do on his voyage.
What is collecting various specimen.
200
This type of selection occurs when one of the two extreme forms of a trait are most fit (survive and reproduce).
What is directional selection.
200
Explain disruptive selection.
A type of natural selection where the two extreme forms of a trait are most fit (survive and reproduce) and the intermediate form of the trait is least fit.
200
Radiometric dating requires the use of ___________ elements to find the age of fossils.
Radioactive
200
Structures that are shared by related species and that have been inherited from a common ancestor
What are homologous structures.
300
The man who studied geology and made inferences about the age of the earth. Set the stage for Darwin to infer his theory.
Who is Charles Lyell. (James Hutton too)
300
According to the principle of common descent, all species-living and extinct- are descendent from ______________.
Ancient common ancestors
300
What is required for a species to evolve into two separate species (speciation).
Reproductive isolation
300
Name the divisions of the geological time scale from longest to shortest.
Eon, era, period
300
Length of time required for half of the atoms in a radioactive sample to decay
What is half life.
400
The idea of evolution was not new to Darwin. What was new about Darwin's theory?
hint: he proposed the theory of evolution by ____________.
natural selection
400
What are the necessary conditions for natural selection?
The struggle of existence, variation (adaptation) among population, survival of the fittest.
400
Explain adaptive radiation.
Process by which a single species or a small group of species evolves over a relatively short time into several different forms that live in different ways.
400
3 things scientists use as evidence of evolution.
What are: fossils, anatomy comparisons, embryology comparisons, DNA comparisons.
400
What is the founder effect?
Change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population.
500
The three patterns of biodiversity that Darwin observed on his voyage.
What are: species vary globally, species vary locally, and species vary over time.
500
Explain the process of natural selection.
The process by which individuals most suited for their environment survive and reproduce most successfully, a.k.a survival of the fittest.
500
Why is sexual reproduction important for evolution.
Sexual reproduction allows for increased variation to arise from two species' offspring, thus providing populations with more and less fit individuals which promotes natural selection.
Short answer: it increases variation among offspring.
500
Name and compare the two types of extinction.
Background extinction- extinction caused by the slow and steady process of natural selection.
Mass extinction- event during which many species become extinct over a relatively short period of time.
500
Endosymbiotic Theory
Theory that proposes that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiotic relationship among several different prokaryotic cells.