Scientists believe Earth formed about _____ billion years ago.
What is 4.5?
100
Ancient remains of organisms that lived in the past are ___
What is fossil?
100
Charles Darwin spent 5 years aboard this ship where he collected evidence and developed his ideas about evolution.
What is HMS Beagle?
100
Meiosis and _______ are sources of heritable variation in populations.
What is mutation?
100
Unlike natural selection, humans are the selection pressure in ___________
What is artificial selection?
200
Water and other organic molecules were introduced to Earth by ________
What are meteors?
200
These 2 structures are observed in all vertebrate embryos in early development but disappear in later stages.
What are gills and post-anal tail?
200
Two geologists who influenced Darwin with their ideas of geological change over time.
What are Hutton and Lyell?
200
Mutations are considered beneficial if they increase an organism's _____
What is fitness?
200
Type of natural selection where the medium phenotypes are selected against and the extremes are favored in an environment
What is disruptive selection?
300
Following snowball Earth, a period of great diversity of living things was noted in the fossil record. This was known as the ___________ period.
What is Cambrian?
300
The arm structure of a human, bat, dog and bird are examples of this evolutionary concept
What is homologous structures?
300
Explained that living things changed over time as a result of the inheritance of acquired characteristics
Who is Lamarck?
300
A heritable characteristic that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
What is adapation?
300
This type of selection favors one of the extreme phenotypes of a population
What is directional selection?
400
Photosynthetic organisms released this gas into the atmosphere, changing its makeup over time.
What is oxygen?
400
Structures that have reduced or no function in an organism
What is vestigial structures?
400
The theory of evolution by natural selection was independently developed by Darwin and ___
Who is Wallace?
400
If enough genetic differences build up between two separated populations over time so that they do not interbreed to produce viable offspring, this is known as _______
What is speciation?
400
Evolution through natural selection works best in populations where there is no variation.
True or False?
What is False?
500
Early earth's atmosphere was made up of gases such as ammonia, methane and _________.
What is carbon dioxide?
500
Comparative anatomy, embryology, DNA evidence all support what evolutionary idea?
What is common descent or common ancestry?
500
This economist influenced Darwin with his ideas about population growth and competition for limited resources
Who is Malthus?
500
________ and reproductive isolation can affect variation by decreasing the diversity of a population's gene pool
What is geographic?
500
Natural selection favors organisms towards a more perfect form.
True or False?