7.4 Evidence Evolution
What type of structure is a human arm and a bat wing an example of?
Homologous Structures
This occurs when individuals of a population introduce alleles to a new population...
Gene flow
What is Speciation?
The formation of a new species
When 1 species evolves into many different species to fill different niches its called...
Who is known as the "Father of Evolution"?
Charles Darwin
What is a Vestigial Structure? Give 2 examples.
A structure that no longer serves its original purpose
(appendix) and (whale hip bone)
What is the Bottleneck effect?
What must happen for speciation to occur?
Reproductive isolation
When unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environments.
Convergent Evolution
What is the term that describes..
"Organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully than those with less favorable traits"
Natural selection
Marsupials are unique to Australia yet, one can be found in North America. What kind of evolutionary evidence is this an example of?
Biography
What is Founder effect?
A small group of individuals separates from the original and starts a new population elsewhere
Name one type of prezygotic isolating mechanism and describe it
Behavioral
Temporal
Mechanical
Habitat
Gametic
Give an example of Coevolution
Moth tongue and orchid stem
Which scientist proposed the theory of "use and disuse"?
Lamarck
The presence of a tail bone and gill slits in embryos in an example of what evolutionary evidence?
Embryology
Unlike genetic drift, this process can increase genetic variation between populations and reduce chances of speciation.
Gene flow
What is Allopatric Speciation?
When a population is geographically separated, leading to the formation of new species
How does divergent evolution differ from convergent evolution?
Divergent evolution leads to different traits in related species; convergent evolution leads to similar traits in unrelated species.
What are the 3 types of mutations described in evolution?
Beneficial
Neutral
Harmful
Darwin observed that limited resources lead organisms to struggle to survive and reproduce, this leads them to...
Competition
The modern-day Cheetah population experienced this type of Genetic drift many years ago...
Bottleneck Effect
What is Sympatric Speciation and give an example
Evolution of a new species from the original in the same geographic area.
(Hawthorn flies to apple maggot flies)
How does Adaptive Radiation differ from Divergent Evolution?
Adaptive is a rapid process and produces many species from a single type
Divergent is a much slower process and produces different species of all different types
What are the 3 types of natural selection and DRAW them
Directional
Stabilizing
Disruptive