Evidence for Evolution
Evidence for evolution that enables us to compare past organisms to current organisms and analyze how organisms have changed over time.
Fossil Record
Type of adaptation that enables animals to blend in with their environment.
Camouflage
New traits are introduced through
Mutations
Leads to evolution; too many organisms fight for limited food and shelter.
Competition
Structures that have little to no function.
Vestigial Structures
Similar Structures but different functions; indicates shared ancestry. Human Hand, Bat's wings, Cat's limbs etc.
Homologous structures
Adaptation plants have for droughts/deserts
Thick waxy cuticles- prevents water loss
Deep and widespread root system
Spines to reduce heat from sunlight
Insects that are resistant will survive and increase in frequency of alleles.
Natural Selection
Survival of the fittest
Natural Selection
States that frequency of alleles remain the same/unchanged.
Hardy Weinburg Principle
Similar functions like flying but the bone structures are different.
Analogous Structures
Plant adaptations for winter.
Flexible branches
Pine needles
Dormant leaves
Mutations that are favorable within the population will
increase in frequency over time and lead to evolution.
Type of evolution that claims all of Darwin's finches came from a common ancestor.
Divergent Evolution; Adaptive Radiation
Which principle is demonstrated when a bird lays 5 eggs but only 2 survive to adulthood?
Overproduction
Best evidence for evolution as it shows how organisms evolved from a common ancestor.
Molecular DNA/ Amino Acid Sequence
The 2 Types of adaptations we discussed.
Example: camouflage and the leaves that close up when touched.
Physical and Behavioral
Creation of a new species can occur via different types of Isolation. List and describe 2 of them.
Behavioral: different mating/courtship rituals so they don't mate together.
Temporal: Mate at different seasons so prevents them from mating.
Geographic: physical barrier keeps them from mating.
Similar to Kettlewell's moths the dark one was selected against; the light moth increased in population.
Type of selection.
Directional Selection.
5 Conditions of Hardy Weinburg= Genetic Equilbrium
Large Populations
No Gene Flow
No Mutations
No Natural Selection
Mating is random
Evidence that compares similarities between organisms during development; shows shared common ancestry.
Embryological Evidence
What determines if an mutation increases within a population?
If the adaptation is favorable and increases reproductive success.
According to Charles Darwin, in order for Natural Selection to occur, these things must be true within a population. Give me 3.
Variations
Overproduction
Adaptations
Heredity
Evolve over time.
Gene flow increases that chances for evolution. Types of Gene flow include.
Immigration and Emigration
No Genetic Equilibrium/Leads to the greatest chance of evolution.
Small Population
Selective Mating
Natural Selection
Mutations
Geneflow.