Fossil Evidence of Evolution
Charles Darwin
The Steps of Evolution
Biological Evidence of Evolution
Developmental Biology, Molecular Biology, and Miscellaneous
100
What is the record of all the fossils ever discovered on Earth called?
The Fossil Record
100
What was the name of the British Navy ship that Darwin sailed around the world in?
The HMS Beagle
100
What is a variation? What happens to helpful variations?
Variations are slight differences in inherited traits. Helpful variations are passed onto offspring.
100
What is the study of the similarities and differences among structures (parts) of living species called?
Comparative Anatomy
100
What is embryology?
The study of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth.
200
What is suggested when many fossils are found in one rock layer, but none are found in the rock layer above it?
There was an extinction
200
What did Darwin study to make his theory of evolution?
Plants, animals, fossils, and geology
200
What are the five steps of evolution?
Mutation, Variation, Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Evolution
200
The degree to which species are related depends on how closely in time they have ________ from their common ancestor.
Diverged
200
What is the study of gene structure and function called?
Molecular Biology
300
What is a mold?
The impression of an organism in a rock.
300
Darwin came up with a theory on what?
Evolution
300
What is an adaptation? What leads to adaptations?
Accumulations of variations that are helpful can lead to adaptations. Adaptations are inherited traits that increase an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing.
300
Forelimbs of vertebrates are an example of this because they are similar in structure but differ in function.
Homologous Structures
300

Many species share similar ________ or ________ (hint: the 1st codes for our traits, the 2nd is made of amino acids). The more similar these two things are in organisms, the more closely related the organisms are.

Genes or proteins

400
What advantage does absolute-age dating have over relative-age dating? Explain.
Absolute-age dating is more precise because it looks at radioactive decay not relative order. Relative-age dating is not as accurate.
400
What islands did Charles Darwin travel to?
The Galapagos Islands
400
What are the three types of adaptations we discussed in class? Provide an example of each type of adaptation.
Structural --> involves physical characteristics ex: camouflage or mimicry (paws of wolves) Behavioral --> involves how an organism behaves or acts ex: wolves staying in packs Functional --> involves internal body systems ex: wolves have a special pattern of blood flow to their legs to keep them warm
400
Wings of birds and insects are this because they are similar in function but differ in structure.
Analogous Structures
400

How did the polar bear become its own species?

A group of bears were isolated in the Arctic. Over time, the bears who had the helpful variations survived and reproduced (ex: thicker & lighter fur). Over time, the population of bears evolved and the polar bear species was created. 

500
How does the fossil record provide evidence for biological evolution?
Fossils in the fossil record show there have been changes in the structure (bones) or body of organisms
500
Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution was based off of him comparing and contrasting what of what two animals?
Shell structure and type of food of tortoises Beak size and type of food of finches
500
What is natural selection? What is it the basis for?
Process of which populations of organisms with variations that help them survive in their environment live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have the variation. Basis for evolution.
500
Whale pelvic bones, wisdom teeth, and the appendix are all examples of this because they are structures that have lost their original function through evolution.
Vestigial Structures
500

True or False: During the early stages of development, embryos of different species resemble each other.

True

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