Natural Selection
Variation and Adaptation
Fossils, Extinctions,
and Genetics
Genetic Drift
Speciation due to Isolation
100
Natural Selection works on ____________________ rather than ____________________
phenotype / genotype
100
The Peppered Moth of England is a common example of natural selection. The industrial Revolution caused the once rare black moth to be better adapted to the environment. This is an exampe of natural selection acting upon on the moth's ____________________
phenotype
100
What is a mass extinction? Give me an example.
When many species are destroyed globally at approximatley the same time. The last major extinction occured about 64 million years ago when the dinosaurs went extinct.
100
Genetic drift is most obvious in small populations. What will happen to the diversity of the species affected?
Decrease!!!!
100
What is reproductive isolation? What does it lead to?
When members of a different populations can NO LONGER MATE successfully with one another....which leads to speciation or separate species arising from one species
200
Natural selection and genetic drift drive ______________ over time
evolution/ change
200
How can lots of variation within a species give it a better chance of survival if the environment changes?
Hopefully at LEAST SOME of the members of the species may survive based on their variations
200
The age of fossils is determined by...
By comparing it to fossils found in other layers of rock. The deeper the fossil, the older it tends to be.
200
What type of genetic drift happens when a small group of individuals start a NEW population? Give me a real life example.
Founder Effect The Amish populations in PA. They have a higher rate of Ellis Van-Creveld Syndrome than the general population
200
What is the number one cause of speciation?
Reproductive isolation
300
During the Industrial Revolution, why did the black moths have a better chance of survival than the non-black Peppered Moths?
The black PHENOTYPE was better suited for the environment because it allowed them to camouflage with the trees
300
A new insect species that lives deep in the bark of trees invades a forest, killing most of the other tree insects. Which type of bird beak would be favored in this type of changed environment?
Long beaks
300
What is episodic speciation? Why does it occur?
A sudden rise in biological diversity, usually following a mass extinction. New species arise because environments have been cleared of life.
300
What is the bottleneck effect? How is it an example of genetic drift?
A disaster leaves only a few survivors in a population (the population is greatly reduced). The species will LOSE diversity
300
What is geographic isolation? Give me a real life example.
A physical barrier such as mountains or water that divide a population into one or more groups. The squirrels of the Grand Canyon.
400
The ground finch feeds on seeds and have three different beak sizes: small, medium, and large. If a drought occured and only large, tough seeds remain, which beak would nature favor the most?
Large beaks
400
Jaguars have different skull sizes and will eat any type of meat. If one of its main souces of meat disappears due to enviornmental change, which type of skull will natural selection act upon. Give an example.
Natural selection will act upon the larger jaw, which will allow the jaguar to hunt hard-shelled prey in water, such as the turtle.
400
A child has sickle-cell disease as a result of two recessive alleles. A child may have the disease if...(tell me about the parents)
The parents must either be homozygous recessive (ss) or heterozygous- carriers (Ss) for sickle-cell disease
400
Genetic drift involves an evolutionary process of change in
allele frequencies
400
Gene pools being separated by mountains is an example of....
geographic isolation
500
Draw three pictures that show natural selection of the Peppered Moth. Original Environment/Industrial Revolution/Pollution Clean-up
500
Name three adaptations the mountain goats have and what they are used for...
thick fur---- warmth special hooves---balance White fur-----camouflage
500
Lethal diseases caused by recessive alleles will result in death ONLY when an individual has...
two recessive alleles or is homozygous recessive
500
Give me a real life example of the bottleneck effect. What caused the bottleneck?
Northern Elephant Seals - Overhunting
500
Two groups of the same species of California salamander migrated to different sides of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range. Group A migrated East, while group B migrated West. Now when salamander group A is placed with salamander group B they will not mate. What can we say has taken place?
Speciation!
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